Acute leukemias immunophenotypes at Agakhan University Hospital, Nairobi

B. Kabera, M. Riyat, W. M. Macharia, R. Pamnani

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Abstract

Objective: The aim was to determine relative frequencies of acute leukemia immunophenotypes using commonly expressed markers and to describe the clinicopathological characteristics. Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was based at Aga khan clinical laboratory department. Subjects: One hundred and thirty two (132) consecutive blood and bone marrow specimens from patients suspected to have acute leukemia were analysed for cytomorphological characteristics and immunophenotyping. The clinical-pathological characteristics were also recorded. Immunological category was assigned using the EGIL criteria. Results: There were 88 AML and 42 ALL patients analysed for immunophenotypes. Only tw cases of biphenotypic leukemia were found. The commonest overall AML morphological sub-type was AML-M2, 26 (29.5%). Majority of ALL cases were B-cell immunological sub-type (96.6%). Early pre-B phenotype constituted 62.07% and Common B-cell ALL 37.93%. There were only 4 cases of T-cell ALL. Majority of patients presented with anaemia with a median hemoglobin of 7.5g/dl (range 2-15g/dl). The median platelet count was 55 (range 4-462 x 109/L). Conclusion: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia is beneficial in accurate diagnosis of patients with these malignancies in this setup. T-cell ALL, AML-M6 and M7 are less frequent than what has been reported in most studies in Africa.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)45-51
Number of pages7
JournalEast African Medical Journal
Volume90
Issue number2
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2013

Keywords

  • Acute leukemia
  • CD markers
  • EGIL
  • Immunophenotype
  • WHO

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