Analysis of root canal anatomy configuration in permanent anterior teeth among the Pakistani subpopulations using cone-beam CT

Aim: This study aimed to analyse root canal configurations in permanent maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using cone-beam CT among a Pakistani subpopulation. Method: A total of 7,653 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were included from the retrospective analysis of 707 CBCT scans from two institutions. The CBCT images were visualized using GALAXIS integrated within the Sirona Dental System. The scanning parameters were standardized at 85 kV, 7 mA, with a 15-second exposure time and a voxel size of 0.16 mm. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, employing the Chi-square test with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The predominant root canal configuration observed across all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was single root with single canal (¹TN¹⁾, comprising 84.66% of cases. Significant variations were noted in maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular canines across different age groups (p < 0.05), indicating age-related differences in root canal morphology in these teeth. Gender-based analysis revealed significant differences in root canal configurations for maxillary canines and mandibular central and lateral incisors (p < 0.05), with females exhibiting a higher prevalence of specific variants compared to males. Conclusion: The study successfully identified the predominant root canal configurations in a Pakistani subpopulation, revealing significant age and gender-related differences. The predominance of the single root with single (¹TN¹) canal configuration underscores its clinical relevance and prevalence across different demographic factors. The findings emphasize the importance of demographic considerations in endodontic treatment planning, contributing valuable regional data to the field.