Association of body mass index and dietary habits with ovarian and uterine morphology with subfertile polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective: To correlate ovarian and uterine morphology in subfertile patients having polycystic ovarian syndrome with their body mass index (BMI) and eating habits Methodology: One hundred subjects were included in this cross sectional study having ages between 20-40 years with history of subfertilty for the past two years. BMI (kg/m²) was measured according to WHO protocol. Ovarian volume, follicle count and size, uterine area, endometrial thickness were measured sonographically and noted. Dietary habits were recorded by a structured questionnaire from all participants Results: According to BMI two groups of 50 subjects each were formed; group I= 25.6 ± 4.7 kg/m² and group II= 28.6 ± 5.7 kg/m². The follicular count was 14.41± 2.18 and 12.75± 2.80; the follicular size (in mm) was 8.23±0.41 and 3.29±0.25 (p-value 0.023 & 0.001). The uterine area (in cm²) and endometrial thickness (in cm) was 86.9±25.7 and 117.2±29 (p-value 0.001 and 0.05). The ovarian volume (OV) estimated by trans-abdominal scan (TAS) was 10.87±2.49 cm³ and 14.33±3.17 cm3 (p-value=0.022). The trans-vaginal scan (TVS) showed OV; 11.44±2.36 cm³ and 14.79±2.19 cm³ (p-value=0.034). A weak positive correlation of BMI with OV (TVS) was observed (r=0.05). The ovarian volume in those women who consumed fast food frequently was significantly raised as compared to those who rarely ate fast food; the difference was 14.57±3.75 vs. 9.62±2.43 (p value 0.00). Conclusion: With increasing body mass index the ovarian volume, uterine area and endometrial thickness increases. However the follicular count and follicular size is reduced with higher BMI.