TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations between particulate matter air pollution, presence and progression of subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Jilani, Mohammad Hashim
AU - Simon-Friedt, Bridget
AU - Yahya, Tamer
AU - Khan, Ali Younas
AU - Hassan, Syed Z.
AU - Kash, Bita
AU - Blankstein, Ron
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
AU - Virani, Salim S.
AU - Rajagopalan, Sanjay
AU - Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel
AU - Nasir, Khurram
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr Virani reports grants from Department of Veterans Affairs, World Heart Federation and Tahir and Jooma Family; honorarium from the American College of Cardiology (Associate Editor for Innovations, acc.org); and serving as a member of the steering committee for the PALM (Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management) Registry at Duke Clinical Research Institute (no financial remuneration). Dr. Rajagopalan reports serving as a consultant to Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Glenmark and Glaxo Smith Kline. Dr. Nasir reports being on advisory board for Amgen, Esperion and Novartis; supported by Katz Academy of Translational Science. No other disclosures were reported.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/8
Y1 - 2020/8
N2 - Background and aims: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been linked with increased cardiovascular events and mortality, however, studies had shown inconsistent associations between PM exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: We performed an updated systematic literature review to identify studies evaluating the associations between PM and subclinical atherosclerosis, measured using presence/progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) or carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adult populations. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Eighteen studies were included: 5 cohorts and 13 cross-sectional. Amongst 7 studies that evaluated the associations between PM and prevalence of CAC, 4 reported significantly higher odds of detectable CAC>0 or CAC>400 with increased PM exposure. Nine studies evaluated the association between exposure to at least one of the particulates and CIMT; of these, 6 reported significant independent associations. Two studies evaluated PM2.5 and CAC progression, with 1 reporting a greater progression of CAC with increased exposure to PM, while 3 out of 4 studies evaluating CIMT progression showed no significant difference in CIMT progression with a higher PM2.5 exposure. Additionally, 3 studies found significant associations between proximity to major roadways and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Among null studies, most displayed non-significant trends towards higher atherosclerosis burden with higher PM exposure. Conclusions: Overall, available observational studies support a positive association between PM exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better establish this relationship and assess the efficacy of previously identified interventions on mitigation of clinical cardiovascular disease.
AB - Background and aims: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been linked with increased cardiovascular events and mortality, however, studies had shown inconsistent associations between PM exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: We performed an updated systematic literature review to identify studies evaluating the associations between PM and subclinical atherosclerosis, measured using presence/progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) or carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adult populations. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Eighteen studies were included: 5 cohorts and 13 cross-sectional. Amongst 7 studies that evaluated the associations between PM and prevalence of CAC, 4 reported significantly higher odds of detectable CAC>0 or CAC>400 with increased PM exposure. Nine studies evaluated the association between exposure to at least one of the particulates and CIMT; of these, 6 reported significant independent associations. Two studies evaluated PM2.5 and CAC progression, with 1 reporting a greater progression of CAC with increased exposure to PM, while 3 out of 4 studies evaluating CIMT progression showed no significant difference in CIMT progression with a higher PM2.5 exposure. Additionally, 3 studies found significant associations between proximity to major roadways and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Among null studies, most displayed non-significant trends towards higher atherosclerosis burden with higher PM exposure. Conclusions: Overall, available observational studies support a positive association between PM exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better establish this relationship and assess the efficacy of previously identified interventions on mitigation of clinical cardiovascular disease.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Carotid intima media thickness
KW - Coronary artery calcium
KW - Particulate matter
KW - Primary prevention
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087808550&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.018
DO - 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 32682146
AN - SCOPUS:85087808550
SN - 0021-9150
VL - 306
SP - 22
EP - 32
JO - Atherosclerosis
JF - Atherosclerosis
ER -
