TY - JOUR
T1 - Attachment and Its Social Determinants, Kenyan Child and Adolescent Perspective from Two Informal Settlements in Nairobi
T2 - A Qualitative Study
AU - Wamoto, Anastasia Polkovnikova
AU - Wambua, Grace Nduku
AU - Osok, Judith
AU - Madeghe, Beatrice
AU - Kumar, Manasi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - There has been a sustained interest in examining social determinants of health (SDH) for late childhood and adolescence to shift the focus from individual risk factors to social patterns, material conditions and to improve long-term health outcomes. This study offers an opportunity to look at the number of risk and protective factors associated with SDH using children's narratives around their attachment relationships. The research was carried out in Kariobangi and Kangemi health centers of Nairobi County, Kenya. All 83 participants were recruited from the community with the assistance of community health workers. Fifty-seven percent of participants were girls; 65.1% of ages 12–14 and 34.9% of ages 8–11 years. Child Attachment Interview (Target et al., 2003) was used to study attachment security as well as adolescents’ understanding of their relational and social world. Inductive thematic analysis was informed by preexisting themes identified from the literature on “risk” and “protective” factors within different layers of SDH and focused on identifying children’s understanding and appraisals of those factors. Secure attachment with both parents had 37.3% of participants 33.7% had insecure attachment with one parent, and 28.9% had insecure attachment with both parents. The overarching themes included poverty, parenting, religion, and schooling. Some factors commonly classified as protective or risk factors were described and appraised by children as a more complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Apart from it, these factors appeared interconnected and interrelated with each other on different levels of SDH.
AB - There has been a sustained interest in examining social determinants of health (SDH) for late childhood and adolescence to shift the focus from individual risk factors to social patterns, material conditions and to improve long-term health outcomes. This study offers an opportunity to look at the number of risk and protective factors associated with SDH using children's narratives around their attachment relationships. The research was carried out in Kariobangi and Kangemi health centers of Nairobi County, Kenya. All 83 participants were recruited from the community with the assistance of community health workers. Fifty-seven percent of participants were girls; 65.1% of ages 12–14 and 34.9% of ages 8–11 years. Child Attachment Interview (Target et al., 2003) was used to study attachment security as well as adolescents’ understanding of their relational and social world. Inductive thematic analysis was informed by preexisting themes identified from the literature on “risk” and “protective” factors within different layers of SDH and focused on identifying children’s understanding and appraisals of those factors. Secure attachment with both parents had 37.3% of participants 33.7% had insecure attachment with one parent, and 28.9% had insecure attachment with both parents. The overarching themes included poverty, parenting, religion, and schooling. Some factors commonly classified as protective or risk factors were described and appraised by children as a more complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Apart from it, these factors appeared interconnected and interrelated with each other on different levels of SDH.
KW - Child attachment interview (CAI)
KW - Parenting
KW - Poverty
KW - Religion
KW - Schooling
KW - Social determinants of health (SDH)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102648927&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40609-021-00208-5
DO - 10.1007/s40609-021-00208-5
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85102648927
SN - 2196-8799
VL - 8
SP - 393
EP - 407
JO - Global Social Welfare
JF - Global Social Welfare
IS - 4
ER -