Case of embryonal tumor multilayered rosettes in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1

Background: ETMR is a unique and highly malignant brain tumor mostly occurring in infants. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical presentation, histological aspects, radiological features, and therapeutic options of ETMR. Being the first report on the co-occurrence of NF1 with ETMR, it highlight the challenges of managing a patient with complex medical conditions. Case report: We present a case of a 3 and 1/2–year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), later diagnosed with a supratentorial brain tumor reported as an embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), along with possible co-occurrence of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) on immunohistochemistry (IHC); however, germline testing was not performed. Even though NF1 can be associated with tumors such as gliomas, the literature has no previous case reports of ETMR coexisting with NF1. Conclusion: Exploring the link between NF1 and ETMR with CMMRD is crucial to improving and establishing more treatment protocols. Therefore, reporting each case’s unique features would be essential in developing appropriate treatment protocols.