@article{c767aebad9c84b629e1eb47b74529607,
title = "Clinical Characteristics of Peripheral Neuropathy in Kenyan Patients with HIV Infection Compared with Patients with Concurrent HIV Infection and Diabetes Mellitus",
abstract = "Introduction: Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer and at risk of non-communicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Both HIV and DM place patients at risk of peripheral neuropathy (PN). Our aim was to demonstrate the prevalence and characteristics of PN in our population of patients with HIV infection compared with concomitant HIV and DM. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed at the Aga Khan Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected on demographics and characteristics of DM and HIV. Symptoms and signs of PN were evaluated by Neuropathy Symptom Score, Neuropathy Disability Score, and 10 g monofilament testing. Results: Two groups were recruited, each consisting of 68 patients: (1) HIV only, (2) HIV and DM. The median age of patients was 51 years (IQR 42.8–58.6) and 55% were male. Median duration for HIV was 10 years (IQR 5–12) with a median CD4 count of 524 cells/mm3 (IQR 369–731). Median duration for DM was 1 year with a median glycosylated hemoglobin of 6.7% (IQR 6.6–7.6). Sixty-nine percent of patients with HIV had suppressed viral loads, and 9 patients (6.6%) had a history neurotoxic antiretroviral therapy use. PN was detected in 11 (16%) HIV-only patients, and in 17 (25%) participants who had both HIV and DM (Fisher exact test chi-square = 0.4). Univariate analysis demonstrated older age, high body mass index, and long duration of HIV were associated with an OR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.11), 1.21 (95% CI 0.46–3.11), and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99–1.15) in the overall group, respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a higher but non-significant prevalence of PN in patients with both HIV and DM when compared to HIV alone. HIV disease control had no association with PN presence.",
keywords = "Diabetes, HIV, Kenya, Peripheral neuropathy",
author = "Kuka, {Werimo Pascal} and Jasmit Shah and Uazman Alam and Reena Shah and Sokhi, {Dilraj Singh}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the staff and participants at the infectious disease clinic of the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya for their cooperation during the conduct of the project. We also acknowledge the input of Aditi Vakil during data collection. No funding or sponsorship was received for this study or publication of this article. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published. Uazman Alam contributed to conception and design of the study. Jasmit Shah performed statistical analysis. Werimo Pascal Kuka, Dilraj Singh Sokhi and Reena Shah participated in data collection. All authors participated in the interpretation of the data, the writing, reviewing and editing of the manuscript, and had final responsibility for approving the published version. This study has been earlier presented at the 25th World Neurology Congress, 3–7 October 2021 (virtual). Werimo Pascal Kuka, Jasmit Shah, Uazman Alam, Dilraj Singh Sokhi and Reena Shah have nothing to disclose. All phases of this study received approval from the Institutional Ethics Review Committee of the Aga Khan University (Ref. No. 2018/REC-121). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki 1964 and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants of this study. The datasets generated during and /or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1007/s13300-022-01205-3",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
pages = "441--451",
journal = "Diabetes Therapy",
issn = "1869-6953",
publisher = "Springer Publishing Company",
number = "3",
}