Coriander fruit exhibits gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering and diuretic activities

Aim of the study: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is traditionally used for various gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders and this study was designed to rationalize its use in dyspepsia, abdominal colic, diarrhea, hypertension and as diuretic. Materials and methods: Coriander crude extract (Cs.Cr) was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo techniques. Results: Cs.Cr caused atropine sensitive stimulatory effect in isolated guinea-pig ileum (0.1-10 mg/ml). In rabbit jejunum preparations, Cs.Cr evoked a similar contractile response but in the presence of atropine, it exhibited relaxation against both spontaneous and high K⁺ (80 mM)-induced contractions as well as shifted the Ca²⁺ concentration-response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil. Cs.Cr (1-30 mg/ml) caused fall in arterial blood pressure of anesthetized animals, partially blocked by atropine. Cs.Cr produced vasodilatation against phenylephrine and K⁺ (80 mM)-induced contractions in rabbit aorta and cardio-depressant effect in guinea-pig atria. Cs.Cr produced diuresis in rats at 1-10 mg/kg. Bio-assay-directed fractionation revealed the separation of spasmogenic and spasmolytic components in the aqueous and organic fractions respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that coriander fruit exhibits gut stimulatory, inhibitory and hypotensive effects mediating possibly through cholinergic, Ca²⁺ antagonist and the combination of these mechanisms respectively. Diuretic activity adds value to its use in hypertension.