Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment

Mahmoud Ibrahim; Ebtesam M. Ba-Essa; Asma Ahmed; David G. Armstrong; Mario Barmaki; Avivit Cahn; Kevin Cassar; Omer Hamtzany; José Luis Lázaro Martínez; Helard Manrique; Omar Mobarak; Ashu Rastogi; Manfredi Rizzo; Shehla Shaikh; Guillermo E. Umpierrez

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231

Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment

Mahmoud Ibrahim
, Ebtesam M. Ba-Essa
, Asma Ahmed
, David G. Armstrong
, Mario Barmaki
, Avivit Cahn
, Kevin Cassar
, Omer Hamtzany
, José Luis Lázaro Martínez
, Helard Manrique
, Omar Mobarak
, Ashu Rastogi
, Manfredi Rizzo
, Shehla Shaikh
, Guillermo E. Umpierrez

Department of Medicine, Medical College, Pakistan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Diabetes-related foot disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes, affecting approximately 1.8 % of the global population and leading to many hospital admissions and non-traumatic amputations. Structured multidisciplinary care for the management of diabetes-related foot disease has been shown to reduce complication rates. The role of primary care providers is crucial in the education, recognition, management, and referral of people with diabetes-related foot disease. This evidence-based review article combines expert opinion with research-based consensus to offer comprehensive yet actionable guidance for primary care providers. It discusses the different domains of care for diabetes-related foot disease, including prevention, cardiometabolic biomarkers, education, risk stratification, complication detection, disease staging, treatment options, and management considerations for different geographic populations.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	109231
Number of pages	1
Journal	Journal of Diabetes and its Complications
Volume	40
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2026

Keywords

Diabetic foot
Infection
Management
Prevention
Primary care
Ulceration

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231

Cite this

Ibrahim, M., Ba-Essa, E. M., Ahmed, A., Armstrong, D. G., Barmaki, M., Cahn, A., Cassar, K., Hamtzany, O., Martínez, J. L. L., Manrique, H., Mobarak, O., Rastogi, A., Rizzo, M., Shaikh, S., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2026). Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 40(1), 109231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231

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title = "Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment",

abstract = "Diabetes-related foot disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes, affecting approximately 1.8 \% of the global population and leading to many hospital admissions and non-traumatic amputations. Structured multidisciplinary care for the management of diabetes-related foot disease has been shown to reduce complication rates. The role of primary care providers is crucial in the education, recognition, management, and referral of people with diabetes-related foot disease. This evidence-based review article combines expert opinion with research-based consensus to offer comprehensive yet actionable guidance for primary care providers. It discusses the different domains of care for diabetes-related foot disease, including prevention, cardiometabolic biomarkers, education, risk stratification, complication detection, disease staging, treatment options, and management considerations for different geographic populations.",

keywords = "Diabetic foot, Infection, Management, Prevention, Primary care, Ulceration",

author = "Mahmoud Ibrahim and Ba-Essa, \{Ebtesam M.\} and Asma Ahmed and Armstrong, \{David G.\} and Mario Barmaki and Avivit Cahn and Kevin Cassar and Omer Hamtzany and Mart{\'i}nez, \{Jos{\'e} Luis L{\'a}zaro\} and Helard Manrique and Omar Mobarak and Ashu Rastogi and Manfredi Rizzo and Shehla Shaikh and Umpierrez, \{Guillermo E.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.",

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language = "English (US)",

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Ibrahim, M, Ba-Essa, EM, Ahmed, A, Armstrong, DG, Barmaki, M, Cahn, A, Cassar, K, Hamtzany, O, Martínez, JLL, Manrique, H, Mobarak, O, Rastogi, A, Rizzo, M, Shaikh, S & Umpierrez, GE 2026, 'Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment', Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 109231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231

TY - JOUR

T1 - Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment

AU - Ibrahim, Mahmoud

AU - Ba-Essa, Ebtesam M.

AU - Ahmed, Asma

AU - Armstrong, David G.

AU - Barmaki, Mario

AU - Cahn, Avivit

AU - Cassar, Kevin

AU - Hamtzany, Omer

AU - Martínez, José Luis Lázaro

AU - Manrique, Helard

AU - Mobarak, Omar

AU - Rastogi, Ashu

AU - Rizzo, Manfredi

AU - Shaikh, Shehla

AU - Umpierrez, Guillermo E.

PY - 2026/1/1

Y1 - 2026/1/1

N2 - Diabetes-related foot disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes, affecting approximately 1.8 % of the global population and leading to many hospital admissions and non-traumatic amputations. Structured multidisciplinary care for the management of diabetes-related foot disease has been shown to reduce complication rates. The role of primary care providers is crucial in the education, recognition, management, and referral of people with diabetes-related foot disease. This evidence-based review article combines expert opinion with research-based consensus to offer comprehensive yet actionable guidance for primary care providers. It discusses the different domains of care for diabetes-related foot disease, including prevention, cardiometabolic biomarkers, education, risk stratification, complication detection, disease staging, treatment options, and management considerations for different geographic populations.

AB - Diabetes-related foot disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes, affecting approximately 1.8 % of the global population and leading to many hospital admissions and non-traumatic amputations. Structured multidisciplinary care for the management of diabetes-related foot disease has been shown to reduce complication rates. The role of primary care providers is crucial in the education, recognition, management, and referral of people with diabetes-related foot disease. This evidence-based review article combines expert opinion with research-based consensus to offer comprehensive yet actionable guidance for primary care providers. It discusses the different domains of care for diabetes-related foot disease, including prevention, cardiometabolic biomarkers, education, risk stratification, complication detection, disease staging, treatment options, and management considerations for different geographic populations.

KW - Diabetic foot

KW - Infection

KW - Management

KW - Prevention

KW - Primary care

KW - Ulceration

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105024468514

U2 - 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231

DO - 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109231

M3 - Review article

C2 - 41317459

AN - SCOPUS:105024468514

SN - 1056-8727

VL - 40

SP - 109231

JO - Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

JF - Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

IS - 1

ER -

Current primary care approaches to diabetic foot prevention and treatment

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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