@article{ef8a21e28dc746f69ee1985d78938dda,
title = "Detection of typhoid carriers by duodenal fluid culture in a tertiary care hospital, Karachi: A cross-sectional study",
abstract = "We aimed to detect typhoid carriers by performing duodenal fluid culture in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. Participants were interviewed, and duodenal fluid samples were taken for culture to detect Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and paratyphi. A polymerase chain reaction on 100 randomly selected sub-samples was also conducted. A total of 477 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 42.4±15.5 years. History of typhoid fever was present in 73 (15.3%) participants. Out of the 477 duodenal fluid cultures tested for various micro-organisms, 250 (52.4%) were positive. Neither S. typhi nor paratyphi were isolated. S. typhi was also not detected by PCR. To better detect S. typhi carriage in general population, future studies should target people with gall bladder diseases and screen them using culture and PCR based methods.",
keywords = "Salmonella species, Typhoid carrier, Typhoid fever",
author = "Sonia Qureshi and Yousafzai, {Mohammad Tahir} and Shafquat Rozi and Shahida Qureshi and Aneeta Hotwani and Kamran Sadiq and Om Parkash and Kazi, {Abdul Momin} and Furqan Kabir and Hadi Usmani and Qamar, {Farah Naz}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgement: We are grateful to Professor Dr Anita K. M. Zaidi for providing funding support through a research grant from the Fogarty International Centre at the National Institute of Health. Combined and individual acknowledgements are owed to our co-workers, data collectors and data entry operators. We are thankful to the gastroenterologists, endoscopy staff members, technicians and nurses for collecting duodenal fluid samples. We are extremely thankful to Mrs Shahida Qureshi, Mrs Aneeta Hotwani and Mr Furqan Kabir for providing support in performing culture and PCR tests. We acknowledge Dr Abdul Momin Kazi and Mr Ayub Khan for helping us in GIS mapping of study participants and would like to acknowledge Dr Hadi Usmani and Dr Abdullah B. Naveed for helping us in the manuscript writing. Funding Information: Funding disclosure: This research was funded by a research training grant from the Fogarty International Centre at the National Institute of Health (1D43 TW007585-01). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Pakistan Medical Association. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.47391/JPMA.580",
language = "English",
volume = "71",
pages = "2069--2072",
journal = "Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association",
issn = "0030-9982",
publisher = "Pakistan Medical Association",
number = "8",
}
