TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in young children in Pakistan
AU - Khowaja, Asif Raza
AU - Mohiuddin, Syed
AU - Cohen, Adam L.
AU - Mirza, Waseem
AU - Nadeem, Naila
AU - Zuberi, Talha
AU - Salam, Basit
AU - Mubarak, Fatima
AU - Rizvi, Bano
AU - Husen, Yousuf
AU - Pardhan, Khatidja
AU - Khan, Khalid Mehmood A.
AU - Raza, Syed Jamal
AU - Zuberi, Hassan Khalid
AU - Mustafa, Sultan
AU - Sheikh, Salma H.
AU - Nizamani, Akbar
AU - Lohana, Heermani
AU - Mulholland, Kim
AU - Zell, Elizabeth
AU - Hajjeh, Rana
AU - Bosan, Altaf
AU - Zaidi, Anita K.M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the GAVI Hib Initiative , and funded by the GAVI Alliance to Johns Hopkins University, with a subgrant to Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan. A.R.K. received partial training support from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health , USA ( ID43 TW0075 85-01 ). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
PY - 2013/7
Y1 - 2013/7
N2 - Objective: The effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in preventing severe pneumonia in Asian children has been questioned, and many large Asian countries yet to introduce Hib conjugate vaccine in immunization programs. The primary objective of this study was to assess Hib conjugate vaccine effectiveness (VE) on radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in children born after introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine in Pakistan. Study design: A matched case-control study enrolled cases of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in several hospitals serving low-income populations during 2009-2011. Cases were matched by age and season with 3 hospital and 5 neighborhood controls. Pneumonia was diagnosed using standardized World Health Organization criteria for chest radiograph interpretation. Matched OR were estimated for VE. Results: A total of 1027 children with radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were enrolled; 975 cases, 2925 hospital controls, and 4875 neighborhood controls were analyzed. The coverage for 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B-Hib conjugate vaccine was 13.7%, 18%, and 22.7% in cases, hospital controls and neighborhood controls, respectively. Estimated Hib VE for radiologically- confirmed pneumonia was 62% with 3 doses of vaccine using hospital controls and 70% using neighborhood controls. Conclusions: Hib conjugate vaccine prevented a significant fraction of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in children in Pakistan. Maximizing impact on child survival needs improved immunization coverage.
AB - Objective: The effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in preventing severe pneumonia in Asian children has been questioned, and many large Asian countries yet to introduce Hib conjugate vaccine in immunization programs. The primary objective of this study was to assess Hib conjugate vaccine effectiveness (VE) on radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in children born after introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine in Pakistan. Study design: A matched case-control study enrolled cases of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in several hospitals serving low-income populations during 2009-2011. Cases were matched by age and season with 3 hospital and 5 neighborhood controls. Pneumonia was diagnosed using standardized World Health Organization criteria for chest radiograph interpretation. Matched OR were estimated for VE. Results: A total of 1027 children with radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were enrolled; 975 cases, 2925 hospital controls, and 4875 neighborhood controls were analyzed. The coverage for 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B-Hib conjugate vaccine was 13.7%, 18%, and 22.7% in cases, hospital controls and neighborhood controls, respectively. Estimated Hib VE for radiologically- confirmed pneumonia was 62% with 3 doses of vaccine using hospital controls and 70% using neighborhood controls. Conclusions: Hib conjugate vaccine prevented a significant fraction of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in children in Pakistan. Maximizing impact on child survival needs improved immunization coverage.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84879249438&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.034
DO - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.034
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84879249438
SN - 0022-3476
VL - 163
SP - S79-S85.e1
JO - Journal of Pediatrics
JF - Journal of Pediatrics
IS - 1 SUPPL
ER -
