Emergency general surgery procedures in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Background: Outcomes of emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures on hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HST) recipients have not been defined in a large, national database. Whether EGS during HST engraftment admission, or in HST patients with graft versus host disease (GVHD) results in worse outcomes is unknown. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was examined for patients with a history of BMT between 2001 and 2014. Results: There were 520,000 HST admissions meeting inclusion criteria, of which, 14,143 (2.7%) required EGS. Of those requiring EGS, 378 (2.7%) were during engraftment admission and 13,765 (97.3%) on subsequent admission. For those requiring EGS during subsequent admission, 9,920 (72.1%) had a history of GVHD and 3,845 (27.9%) did not. On multivariate analysis, requirement of EGS was associated with mortality (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.47–1.99, p < 0.001). For patients requiring EGS, engraftment admission or GVHD was not associated with mortality. Conclusions: While EGS results in worse survival for the HST population, patients in their engraftment admission do not appear to be at increased mortality risk. In addition, GVHD does not worsen survival.