Evaluation of tailored school based health interventions in public schools of Karachi Pakistan using pre-post design

Background: School health services are essential for improving student well-being, particularly in resource-limited settings. In Karachi, Pakistan, public schools often lack comprehensive health programs, leading to various health challenges among students. This study aims to assess and enhance student health through tailored interventions targeting key health issues such as vision impairments, dental problems, and malnutrition. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study across five Azam Basti schools, students (n = 357) participated, six-month interventions included hygiene education, mass deworming, hygiene kits distribution, and corrective eyewear provision. Pre/post screenings assessed vitals, anthropometry, hygiene, and common symptoms. The screenings measured vitals, height, weight, hygiene status and systemic symptoms/complaints assessed by lady health worker upon pre- and post-intervention. Results: Mean complaints per child ranged from 4.0 to 1.4. Normal visual acuity increased from 77.0% to 94.8%; ear complaints dropped from 23.5% to 4.8%; dental decay from 38.4% to only 19.9%. Underweight prevalence declined from 28.9% to 23.0%, with a 10.8% BMI improvement. Hygiene indicators improved broadly, notably scabies. Significant symptom reductions were observed for inflamed ear, discharge, wax, inflamed neck, and neck swelling (p < 0.05), alongside decrease in abdominal pain and vomiting. Visual acuity and double vision also improved significantly following eye health interventions. Conclusion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of low-cost, school-based interventions in improving student health outcomes. Expanding such programs in public schools can be a viable strategy to enhance health and educational performance in low-resource settings. Further studies are needed to assess long-term impacts and program sustainability.