Exploration of science of remote sensing and GIS with GEE

The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has revolutionized the way we understand and manage our planet. This chapter delves into the science behind Remote Sensing and GIS, emphasizing their synergistic relationship and the transformative capabilities offered by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The chapter begins with an overview of Remote Sensing, elucidating its principles and technologies. It investigates several satellites and airborne sensors, emphasizing how they may be used to monitor the seas, atmosphere, and surface of the Earth. To discuss GIS and emphasize spatial analysis, data visualization, and the use of spatial information systems in decision-making processes, it is necessary to have a thorough grasp of RS foundations. We then look at the combination of remote sensing and GIS, demonstrating how spatial data from satellite photography may be used in a GIS framework. Case studies illustrate practical uses, including environmental monitoring, disaster response, and land cover classification. It is stressed how crucial precise geographical data are to be tackling global issues such as urbanization and climate change. One essential tool for practitioners and scholars in the subject is the Google Earth Engine (GEE). GEE is a cloud-based platform that offers strong computational skills and access to an extensive collection of remote sensing data. The study provides an overview of GEE's salient characteristics and demonstrates its capacity for extensive research and visualization, rendering it a vital tool for the international scientific community. The chapter also covers the difficulties and potential paths in the fields of GIS and remote sensing. Research and development priorities are examined, including the need for improved cooperation, the changing nature of technology, and growing data quantities. It is highlighted how GEE can help with these issues and advance open science. To sum up, this chapter provides an in-depth examination of the science behind GIS and remote sensing, highlighting the platform's revolutionary power. The incorporation of these technologies becomes more and more essential for well-informed decision-making and sustainable resource management as we traverse an era of unparalleled environmental changes.