TY - JOUR
T1 - Feasibility and effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in an urban endemic setting in Bangladesh
T2 - A cluster randomised open-label trial
AU - Qadri, Firdausi
AU - Ali, Mohammad
AU - Chowdhury, Fahima
AU - Khan, Ashraful Islam
AU - Saha, Amit
AU - Khan, Iqbal Ansary
AU - Begum, Yasmin A.
AU - Bhuiyan, Taufiqur R.
AU - Chowdhury, Mohiul Islam
AU - Uddin, Md Jasim
AU - Khan, Jahangir A.M.
AU - Chowdhury, Atique Iqbal
AU - Rahman, Anisur
AU - Siddique, Shah Alam
AU - Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
AU - Akter, Afroza
AU - Khan, Arifuzzaman
AU - You, Young Ae
AU - Siddik, Ashraf Uddin
AU - Saha, Nirod Chandra
AU - Kabir, Alamgir
AU - Riaz, Baizid Khoorshid
AU - Biswas, Shwapon Kumar
AU - Begum, Farzana
AU - Unicomb, Leanne
AU - Luby, Stephen P.
AU - Cravioto, Alejandro
AU - Clemens, John D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2015/10/3
Y1 - 2015/10/3
N2 - Background Cholera is endemic in Bangladesh with epidemics occurring each year. The decision to use a cheap oral killed whole-cell cholera vaccine to control the disease depends on the feasibility and effectiveness of vaccination when delivered in a public health setting. We therefore assessed the feasibility and protective effect of delivering such a vaccine through routine government services in urban Bangladesh and evaluated the benefit of adding behavioural interventions to encourage safe drinking water and hand washing to vaccination in this setting. Methods We did this cluster-randomised open-label trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We randomly assigned 90 clusters (1:1:1) to vaccination only, vaccination and behavioural change, or no intervention. The primary outcome was overall protective effectiveness, assessed as the risk of severely dehydrating cholera during 2 years after vaccination for all individuals present at time of the second dose. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01339845. Findings Of 268 896 people present at baseline, we analysed 267 270: 94 675 assigned to vaccination only, 92 539 assigned to vaccination and behavioural change, and 80 056 assigned to non-intervention. Vaccine coverage was 65% in the vaccination only group and 66% in the vaccination and behavioural change group. Overall protective effectiveness was 37% (95% CI lower bound 18%; p=0·002) in the vaccination group and 45% (95% CI lower bound 24%; p=0·001) in the vaccination and behavioural change group. We recorded no vaccine-related serious adverse events. Interpretation Our findings provide the first indication of the effect of delivering an oral killed whole-cell cholera vaccine to poor urban populations with endemic cholera using routine government services and will help policy makers to formulate vaccination strategies to reduce the burden of severely dehydrating cholera in such populations. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
AB - Background Cholera is endemic in Bangladesh with epidemics occurring each year. The decision to use a cheap oral killed whole-cell cholera vaccine to control the disease depends on the feasibility and effectiveness of vaccination when delivered in a public health setting. We therefore assessed the feasibility and protective effect of delivering such a vaccine through routine government services in urban Bangladesh and evaluated the benefit of adding behavioural interventions to encourage safe drinking water and hand washing to vaccination in this setting. Methods We did this cluster-randomised open-label trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We randomly assigned 90 clusters (1:1:1) to vaccination only, vaccination and behavioural change, or no intervention. The primary outcome was overall protective effectiveness, assessed as the risk of severely dehydrating cholera during 2 years after vaccination for all individuals present at time of the second dose. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01339845. Findings Of 268 896 people present at baseline, we analysed 267 270: 94 675 assigned to vaccination only, 92 539 assigned to vaccination and behavioural change, and 80 056 assigned to non-intervention. Vaccine coverage was 65% in the vaccination only group and 66% in the vaccination and behavioural change group. Overall protective effectiveness was 37% (95% CI lower bound 18%; p=0·002) in the vaccination group and 45% (95% CI lower bound 24%; p=0·001) in the vaccination and behavioural change group. We recorded no vaccine-related serious adverse events. Interpretation Our findings provide the first indication of the effect of delivering an oral killed whole-cell cholera vaccine to poor urban populations with endemic cholera using routine government services and will help policy makers to formulate vaccination strategies to reduce the burden of severely dehydrating cholera in such populations. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84944148040
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61140-0
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61140-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 26164097
AN - SCOPUS:84944148040
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 386
SP - 1362
EP - 1371
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10001
ER -
