Frequency of Malignant Solid Tumors in Children

Objective: To find out the frequency of malignant solid tumors in children (<15 years). Setting: All cases of pediatric malignant solid tumors which were diagnosed in the section of histopathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period of two years. Methods: These tumors were initially evaluated on H&E stained sections and special stains were also performed whenever indicated. The undifferentiated tumors were evaluated immunohistochemically by using a panel of antibodies on sections from routinely processed, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks. Results: Of two hundred and fifty three (253) consecutive cases of paediatric malignant solid tumors, lymphoma (26.1%) was the most common tumor followed by central nervous system tumors (16.6%), osteosarcoma (7.5%), rhabdomyosarcoma (6.7%), neuroblastoma (5.1%), Wilm's tumor (5.1%), Ewing's sarcoma (4.7%), retinoblastoma (4.7%), germ cell tumor (4.4%) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (4%) in order of frequency. In seven cases (2.8%), the nature of lesion remained undetermined even after immunohistochemical staining. Rest of malignant tumors (12.3%) included the rare entities like synovial sarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant schwannoma and thyroid carcinoma, etc. Conclusion: Lymphoma was the most frequent Paediatric tumor. The frequency of childhood central nervous system tumors was quite high as compared to the other series from different regions of Pakistan.