@article{dfe10a67b8f04e05bc2f17d241c034be,
title = "Gallbladder intestinal metaplasia in Pakistani patients with gallstones",
abstract = "The gallbladder specimens of patients who underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones between 2003 and 2005 were evaluated for the presence of Intestinal Metaplasia. (IM) and its risk factors. IM was positive in 39% of 293 patients tested, and in the comparative analysis of 114 metaplasia positive versus 179 negative patients, a high risk was found in patients who were 60 years or older [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 6.2]. Other factors with aOR greater than 1 were moderate to excessive use of chilies (1.8) and ethnic origin of North India (1.7). Screening method has yet to be devised for early detection of gallbladder cancer by identifying metaplastic lesions early in life. We believe that large geographic variation and lifestyle environmental factors associated with the development of gallbladder metaplasia and cancer mortality are concealed in our study that needs to be further explored.",
keywords = "Cancer, Gallbladder, Gallstones, Metaplasia",
author = "{Rizwan Khan}, Muhammad and {Ahsan Raza}, Syed and Zubair Ahmad and Sana Naeem and Shahid Pervez and Siddiqui, {Anwar Ali} and Mushtaq Ahmed and Rizwan Azami",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by Aga Khan University{\textquoteright}s Research Council Grant ( AKURC#022020SURG ) in Karachi, Pakistan. The work was undertaken under primary supervision of MR Khan, Assistant Professor in Department of Surgery of Aga Khan University. SA Raza was a research faculty in the Department of Surgery of Aga Khan University at the time the study was carried out and was involved in writing the manuscript and data-analysis with the assistance of all authors. Z Ahmad carried out testing on tissue specimen for gallbladder metaplasia. S Naeem was the research assistant and was responsible for the tissue storage and data management. R Azami was the principal investigator of the study. All authors including S Pervez, AA Siddiqui and M Ahmed have major contributions to the intellectual content and reviewed the final manuscript. Finally, the authors are grateful to all the cholecystectomy patients of Aga Khan University Hospital who agreed for testing on their removed tissue samples during the study.",
year = "2011",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.001",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "482--485",
journal = "International Journal of Surgery",
issn = "1743-9191",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "6",
}
