TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender differences and clustering pattern of behavioural risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases
T2 - Community-based study from a developing country
AU - Khuwaja, Ali Khan
AU - Kadir, Muhammad Masood
PY - 2010/9
Y1 - 2010/9
N2 - Objectives: This study estimates the burden of behavioural risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDs) to evaluate the degree of clustering and the differential of these factors by gender in adults. Methods: In a community-based survey, information was obtained about behavioural risk factors for CNDs among 534 adults in Karachi, Pakistan. Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the differences of these factors by gender. Results: Overall, 22.5% of adults had anxiety/depression, 47.8% did not have adequate intake of fruits and vegetables, 60.1% were physically inactive while 49.8% were overweight/obese. More women had anxiety/ depression (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.4g-3.1), were physically inactive (OR=2.1; 95% CI = 1.5-3.1) and overweight/ obese (OR= 6.2; 95% CI = 4.3-9.1). On the contrary, greater number of men were found to have inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5). Only 1.1% of study subjects had none of the studied risk factors, 16.9% had one while 82% had ≥2 factors. The clustering of these risk factors was significantly higher in women (p>0.001). Discussion: This study shows that almost all of the adults in the study had behavioural risk factors for CNDs and clustering of these factors is very common and significantly higher in women. The tendency of clustering risk factors in individuals provides opportunities to address factors with integrated approaches to prevent/delay the onset of CNDs.
AB - Objectives: This study estimates the burden of behavioural risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDs) to evaluate the degree of clustering and the differential of these factors by gender in adults. Methods: In a community-based survey, information was obtained about behavioural risk factors for CNDs among 534 adults in Karachi, Pakistan. Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the differences of these factors by gender. Results: Overall, 22.5% of adults had anxiety/depression, 47.8% did not have adequate intake of fruits and vegetables, 60.1% were physically inactive while 49.8% were overweight/obese. More women had anxiety/ depression (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.4g-3.1), were physically inactive (OR=2.1; 95% CI = 1.5-3.1) and overweight/ obese (OR= 6.2; 95% CI = 4.3-9.1). On the contrary, greater number of men were found to have inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5). Only 1.1% of study subjects had none of the studied risk factors, 16.9% had one while 82% had ≥2 factors. The clustering of these risk factors was significantly higher in women (p>0.001). Discussion: This study shows that almost all of the adults in the study had behavioural risk factors for CNDs and clustering of these factors is very common and significantly higher in women. The tendency of clustering risk factors in individuals provides opportunities to address factors with integrated approaches to prevent/delay the onset of CNDs.
KW - Behavioural risk factors
KW - Chronic non-communicable diseases
KW - Clustering pattern
KW - Developing country
KW - Gender difference
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77956279531&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/1742395309352255
DO - 10.1177/1742395309352255
M3 - Article
C2 - 20444764
AN - SCOPUS:77956279531
SN - 1742-3953
VL - 6
SP - 163
EP - 170
JO - Chronic Illness
JF - Chronic Illness
IS - 3
ER -