TY - JOUR
T1 - Genotyping and drug resistance patterns of M. tuberculosis strains in Pakistan
AU - Tanveer, Mahnaz
AU - Hasan, Zahra
AU - Siddiqui, Amna R.
AU - Ali, Asho
AU - Kanji, Akbar
AU - Ghebremicheal, Solomon
AU - Hasan, Rumina
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was supported by University Research Council Grant, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan, partly by the Beneden Healthcare Society, UK and in part through a grant from the joint Pak-US Academic & Research Program HEC/MoST/USAID. We would like to thank to Dr. Gunilla Kalle-nius and Ramona Petersson for guidance with MTB genotyping, Dr. Roland Brosch for help with establishing deletion analysis studies, Dr. Rabia Hus-sain from Department of Pathology and Microbiology, AKU, Dr. Tashmeem Razaki SIUT, and Dr. Mustafa Kamal Department of Biotechnology, Karachi University for their support in this study. Thanks to the clinical laboratory, AKUH for providing samples used in the study.
PY - 2008/12/24
Y1 - 2008/12/24
N2 - Background: The incidence of tuberculosis in Pakistan is 181/100,000 population. However, information about transmission and geographical prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and their evolutionary genetics as well as drug resistance remains limited. Our objective was to determine the clonal composition, evolutionary genetics and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates from different regions of the country. Methods: M. tuberculosis strains isolated (2003-2005) from specimens submitted to the laboratory through collection units nationwide were included. Drug susceptibility was performed and strains were spoligotyped. Results: Of 926 M. tuberculosis strains studied, 721(78%)were grouped into 59 "shared types", while 205 (22%) were identified as "Orphan" spoligotypes. Amongst the predominant genotypes 61% were Central Asian strains (CAS; including CAS1, CAS sub-families and Orphan Pak clusters), 4% East African-Indian (EAI), 3% Beijing, 2% poorly defined TB strains (T), 2% Haarlem and LAM (0.2). Also TbD1 analysis (M. tuberculosis specific deletion 1) confirmed that CAS1 was of "modern" origin while EAI isolates belonged to "ancestral" strain types. Prevalence of CAS1 clade was significantly higher in Punjab (P < 0.01, Pearsons Chi-square test) as compared with Sindh, North West Frontier Province and Balochistan provinces. Forty six percent of isolates were sensitive to five first line antibiotics tested, 45% were Rifampicin resistant, 50% isoniazid resistant. MDR was significantly associated with Beijing strains (P = 0.01, Pearsons Chi-square test) and EAI (P = 0.001, Pearsons Chi-square test), but not with CAS family. Conclusion: Our results show variation of prevalent M. tuberculosis strain with greater association of CAS1 with the Punjab province. The fact that the prevalent CAS genotype was not associated with drug resistance is encouraging. It further suggests a more effective treatment and control programme should be successful in reducing the tuberculosis burden in Pakistan.
AB - Background: The incidence of tuberculosis in Pakistan is 181/100,000 population. However, information about transmission and geographical prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and their evolutionary genetics as well as drug resistance remains limited. Our objective was to determine the clonal composition, evolutionary genetics and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates from different regions of the country. Methods: M. tuberculosis strains isolated (2003-2005) from specimens submitted to the laboratory through collection units nationwide were included. Drug susceptibility was performed and strains were spoligotyped. Results: Of 926 M. tuberculosis strains studied, 721(78%)were grouped into 59 "shared types", while 205 (22%) were identified as "Orphan" spoligotypes. Amongst the predominant genotypes 61% were Central Asian strains (CAS; including CAS1, CAS sub-families and Orphan Pak clusters), 4% East African-Indian (EAI), 3% Beijing, 2% poorly defined TB strains (T), 2% Haarlem and LAM (0.2). Also TbD1 analysis (M. tuberculosis specific deletion 1) confirmed that CAS1 was of "modern" origin while EAI isolates belonged to "ancestral" strain types. Prevalence of CAS1 clade was significantly higher in Punjab (P < 0.01, Pearsons Chi-square test) as compared with Sindh, North West Frontier Province and Balochistan provinces. Forty six percent of isolates were sensitive to five first line antibiotics tested, 45% were Rifampicin resistant, 50% isoniazid resistant. MDR was significantly associated with Beijing strains (P = 0.01, Pearsons Chi-square test) and EAI (P = 0.001, Pearsons Chi-square test), but not with CAS family. Conclusion: Our results show variation of prevalent M. tuberculosis strain with greater association of CAS1 with the Punjab province. The fact that the prevalent CAS genotype was not associated with drug resistance is encouraging. It further suggests a more effective treatment and control programme should be successful in reducing the tuberculosis burden in Pakistan.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=59349121707&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/1471-2334-8-171
DO - 10.1186/1471-2334-8-171
M3 - Article
C2 - 19108722
AN - SCOPUS:59349121707
SN - 1471-2334
VL - 8
JO - BMC Infectious Diseases
JF - BMC Infectious Diseases
M1 - 171
ER -