Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2023 American College of Cardiology Conference

Purpose of Review: To summarize selected late-breaking science on cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention presented at the 2023 American College of Cardiology (ACC) conference. Recent findings: The CLEAR outcomes randomized control trial (RCT) compared bempedoic acid to placebo in patients at high-risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or prevalent CVD and statin intolerance for CV outcomes. The YELLOW III was a single-arm study that evaluated the effect of Evolocumab on coronary plaque characteristics in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). A cohort evaluated the association between a self-reported low-carbohydrate high-fat (ketogenic) diet and serum lipid levels as compared to a standard diet. The LOADSTAR trial compared CV outcomes with targeted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) approach vs. high-intensity statin in patients with CAD. The PCDS statin cluster randomized trial compared the effectiveness of an electronic reminder to the clinician on a high-intensity statin use among patients with a history of ASCVD as compared to no reminder. A prospective cohort study compared the extent of coronary atherosclerosis among lifelong endurance athletes and healthy non-athletes. A causal artificial intelligence study combined polygenic risk scores with data from large CV prevention RCTs to guide systolic blood pressure and LDL-C reduction targets to reach average CV risk. The ACCESS trial evaluated the impact of eliminating copayment for low-income older adults in Canada with chronic CV diseases on composite CV outcomes. A pooled analysis of 3 large RCTs evaluated the association between residual inflammatory risk and CV outcomes, as compared to residual elevated cholesterol risk in patients receiving statin therapy. A Phase 2B RCT compared the efficacy of an oral PCSK9i, MK-0616, in reducing LDL-C as compared to a placebo. Summary: The late-breaking clinical science presented at the 2023 conference of the ACC paves the way for an evidence-based alternative to statin therapy and provides data on several common clinical scenarios encountered in daily practice.