@article{25ad138c967b423396dd073524819666,
title = "Influenza epidemiology and immunization during pregnancy: Final report of a World Health Organization working group",
abstract = "From 2014 to 2017, the World Health Organization convened a working group to evaluate influenza disease burden and vaccine efficacy to inform estimates of maternal influenza immunization program impact. The group evaluated existing systematic reviews and relevant primary studies, and conducted four new systematic reviews. There was strong evidence that maternal influenza immunization prevented influenza illness in pregnant women and their infants, although data on severe illness prevention were lacking. The limited number of studies reporting influenza incidence in pregnant women and infants under six months had highly variable estimates and underrepresented low- and middle-income countries. The evidence that maternal influenza immunization reduces the risk of adverse birth outcomes was conflicting, and many observational studies were subject to substantial bias. The lack of scientific clarity regarding disease burden or magnitude of vaccine efficacy against severe illness poses challenges for robust estimation of the potential impact of maternal influenza immunization programs.",
keywords = "Immunization, Infants, Influenza, Pregnancy",
author = "{on behalf of the WHO taskforce to evaluate influenza data to inform vaccine impact and economic modelling} and Fell, {Deshayne B.} and Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner and Baker, {Michael G.} and Maneesh Batra and Julien Beaut{\'e} and Philippe Beutels and Niranjan Bhat and Bhutta, {Zulfiqar A.} and Cheryl Cohen and {De Mucio}, Bremen and Gessner, {Bradford D.} and Gravett, {Michael G.} and Katz, {Mark A.} and Marian Knight and Lee, {Vernon J.} and Mark Loeb and Luteijn, {Johannes M.} and Helen Marshall and Harish Nair and Kevin Pottie and Salam, {Rehana A.} and Savitz, {David A.} and Serruya, {Suzanne J.} and Becky Skidmore and Ortiz, {Justin R.}",
note = "Funding Information: The WHO taskforce to evaluate influenza data to inform vaccine impact and economic modeling had the following additional members: Simon Cauchemez (Institute Pasteur, France), Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk (Monash University, Malaysia), Brenda Coleman (University of Toronto, Canada), Michael Kramer (McGill University, Canada), Anand Krishnan (All India Institute of Medical Sciences), and Yot Teerawattananon (Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Thailand). The authors thank them for their contributions to the Taskforce. The authors also thank Chiara Gerardi and Marc Perut of WHO for administrative and technical support. We are grateful to Ashley Charbonneau (Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute) for assistance producing tables and figures and to Lindsay Wilson (Ottawa Hospital Research Institute) for editorial and formatting assistance for this manuscript. The authors acknowledge the contributions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which provides financial support to the World Health Organization Initiative for Vaccine Research ( U50 CK000431 ). Funding Information: Philippe Beutels: A university chair in CHERMID at the University of Antwerp was supported by a (unrestricted) gift from Pfizer (2009–2016) and GSK (since 2016). There is no connection between either Pfizer, GSK or the research of the chair holder (Niel Hens) and this article. Funding Information: Cheryl Cohen: Has received travel support from WHO to attend WHO meetings. Has received travel support from Parexel to attend meetings. Has received grant support from Sanofi. Funding Information: The WHO taskforce to evaluate influenza data to inform vaccine impact and economic modeling had the following additional members: Simon Cauchemez (Institute Pasteur, France), Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk (Monash University, Malaysia), Brenda Coleman (University of Toronto, Canada), Michael Kramer (McGill University, Canada), Anand Krishnan (All India Institute of Medical Sciences), and Yot Teerawattananon (Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Thailand). The authors thank them for their contributions to the Taskforce. The authors also thank Chiara Gerardi and Marc Perut of WHO for administrative and technical support. We are grateful to Ashley Charbonneau (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute) for assistance producing tables and figures and to Lindsay Wilson (Ottawa Hospital Research Institute) for editorial and formatting assistance for this manuscript. The authors acknowledge the contributions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which provides financial support to the World Health Organization Initiative for Vaccine Research (U50 CK000431). Funding Information: Marian Knight: Has received travel support from WHO to attend a WHO meeting, and has received grant support from UK National Institute for Health Research for a surveillance study of seasonal influenza in pregnancy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.037",
language = "English",
volume = "35",
pages = "5738--5750",
journal = "Vaccine",
issn = "0264-410X",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "43",
}
