TY - JOUR
T1 - Injections in health care settings
T2 - A risk factor for acute hepatitis B virus infection in Karachi, Pakistan
AU - Usman, H. R.
AU - Akhtar, S.
AU - Rahbar, M. H.
AU - Hamid, S.
AU - Moattar, T.
AU - Luby, S. P.
PY - 2003/4
Y1 - 2003/4
N2 - A case control study was conducted to identify the association of therapeutic injections with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled 67 cases of acute HBV infection (IgM anti-HBc positive) and 247 controls (anti-HBc negative) from four hospitals of Karachi during July 2000-June 2001. Exposure to various risk factors during the period relevant to the incubation period of HBV was recorded both from cases and controls using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that cases were more likely to have received one injection (OR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.4, 11.1), or more than one injection (OR= 6.3; 95% CI 3.2, 12.4) compared to controls. The estimated population attributable risk (PAR) for therapeutic injections was 53%. Also the cases compared to controls were more likely to have household size of seven or more (OR = 1.9; 95% CI 0.95, 3.9). This study showed that unsafe therapeutic injections appear to be the major risk factor for acute HBV infection and needs immediate focus from public health stand point.
AB - A case control study was conducted to identify the association of therapeutic injections with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled 67 cases of acute HBV infection (IgM anti-HBc positive) and 247 controls (anti-HBc negative) from four hospitals of Karachi during July 2000-June 2001. Exposure to various risk factors during the period relevant to the incubation period of HBV was recorded both from cases and controls using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that cases were more likely to have received one injection (OR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.4, 11.1), or more than one injection (OR= 6.3; 95% CI 3.2, 12.4) compared to controls. The estimated population attributable risk (PAR) for therapeutic injections was 53%. Also the cases compared to controls were more likely to have household size of seven or more (OR = 1.9; 95% CI 0.95, 3.9). This study showed that unsafe therapeutic injections appear to be the major risk factor for acute HBV infection and needs immediate focus from public health stand point.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037398339&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0950268802008178
DO - 10.1017/S0950268802008178
M3 - Article
C2 - 12729198
AN - SCOPUS:0037398339
SN - 0950-2688
VL - 130
SP - 293
EP - 300
JO - Epidemiology and Infection
JF - Epidemiology and Infection
IS - 2
ER -