TY - JOUR
T1 - Late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and visual maturation, reinforce autonomy in healthy, 2-year-old children
AU - Villar, José
AU - Ochieng, Roseline
AU - Staines-Urias, Eleonora
AU - Fernandes, Michelle
AU - Ratcliff, Marc
AU - Purwar, Manorama
AU - Barros, Fernando
AU - Horta, Bernardo
AU - Cheikh Ismail, Leila
AU - Albernaz, Elaine
AU - Kunnawar, Naina
AU - Temple, Sophie
AU - Giuliani, Francesca
AU - Sandells, Tamsin
AU - Carvalho, Maria
AU - Ohuma, Eric
AU - Jaffer, Yasmin
AU - Alison Noble, J.
AU - Gravett, Michael
AU - Pang, Ruyan
AU - Lambert, Ann
AU - Bertino, Enrico
AU - Di Nicola, Paola
AU - Papageorghiou, Aris
AU - Stein, Alan
AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar
AU - Kennedy, Stephen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - We studied neurodevelopmental outcomes and behaviours in healthy 2-year old children (N = 1306) from Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK participating in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. There was a positive independent relationship of duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and age at weaning with gross motor development, vision and autonomic physical activities, most evident if children were exclusively breastfed for ≥7 months or weaned at ≥7 months. There was no association with cognition, language or behaviour. Children exclusively breastfed from birth to <5 months or weaned at >6 months had, in a dose-effect pattern, adjusting for confounding factors, higher scores for “emotional reactivity”. The positive effect of EBF and age at weaning on gross motor, running and climbing scores was strongest among children with the highest scores in maternal closeness proxy indicators. EBF, late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and vision maturation, independently influence autonomous behaviours in healthy children.
AB - We studied neurodevelopmental outcomes and behaviours in healthy 2-year old children (N = 1306) from Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK participating in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. There was a positive independent relationship of duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and age at weaning with gross motor development, vision and autonomic physical activities, most evident if children were exclusively breastfed for ≥7 months or weaned at ≥7 months. There was no association with cognition, language or behaviour. Children exclusively breastfed from birth to <5 months or weaned at >6 months had, in a dose-effect pattern, adjusting for confounding factors, higher scores for “emotional reactivity”. The positive effect of EBF and age at weaning on gross motor, running and climbing scores was strongest among children with the highest scores in maternal closeness proxy indicators. EBF, late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and vision maturation, independently influence autonomous behaviours in healthy children.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082512609&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-020-61917-z
DO - 10.1038/s41598-020-61917-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 32251309
AN - SCOPUS:85082512609
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 10
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 5251
ER -