Major Groups of Microorganisms Employed in Bioremediation

Due to rapid industrialization and large-scale human activities, pollution levels are increasing rapidly, which is a major problem. Despite the fact that there are other remediation approaches available, using microorganisms has several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, few or no by-products, and reusability. Microorganisms are readily available, easily defined, highly diverse, widespread, and can feed on a variety of hazardous substances. They may be utilized both in-situ and off-site, and they can clean up a variety of difficult environmental situations. Amid rising pollution levels, many countries do not impose restrictions on industrialization; nonetheless, suitable remedial techniques can be employed to reduce these issues, particularly when microorganisms give beneficial tools for better alternatives. Soil bioremediation is a time-consuming and expensive method that uses bacteria, fungi, and algae to remediate contaminated places to environmentally sustainable conditions. Microorganisms that break down organic compounds, as well as microorganisms that come into touch with contaminants are used in this process. The contaminated soil provides an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive several methods have been developed to assure that the latter two constraints are overcome and that pollutant biodegradation is improved. Bioremediation’s future development may result in a reduction in energy consumption, as well as a reduction in pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. The importance of microorganisms in bioremediation, their advantages over other processes, and the influence of such microscopic organisms on a clean environment will be discussed in this chapter.