Malaria in Pregnancy: Meta-Analyses of Prevalence and Associated Complications

This review aims to assess the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy during ante-natal visits and delivery, species-specific burden together with regional variation in the burden of disease. It also aims to estimate the proportions of adverse pregnancy outcomes in malaria positive women. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a thorough and systematic search was conducted in July 2023 across two electronic databases (including PubMed and CENTRAL). Forest plots were constructed for each outcome of interest highlighting the effect measure, confidence interval, sample size and its associated weightage. All the statistical meta-analysis were conducted using R-Studio version 2022.07. Sensitivity analyses, publication bias assessment and meta-regression analyses were also performed to ensure robustness of the review. According to the pooled estimates of 253 studies, the overall prevalence of malaria was 18.95% (95% CI: 16.95-21.11), during ante-natal visits was 20.09% (95% CI: 17.43-23.06) and at delivery was 17.32% (95% CI: 14.47-20.61). The highest proportion of malarial infection was observed in Africa approximating 21.50% (95% CI: 18.52-24.81) during ANC and 20.41% (95% CI: 17.04-24.24) at the time of delivery. Our analysis also revealed that the odds of having anemia were 2.40 times (95% CI: 1.87-3.06), having low birthweight were 1.99 times (95% CI: 1.60 – 2.48), having preterm birth were 1.65 times (95% CI: 1.29 – 2.10) and having stillbirths were 1.40 times (95% CI: 1.15 – 1.71) in pregnant women with malaria.