TY - JOUR
T1 - National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010
AU - Lee, Anne C.C.
AU - Katz, Joanne
AU - Blencowe, Hannah
AU - Cousens, Simon
AU - Kozuki, Naoko
AU - Vogel, Joshua P.
AU - Adair, Linda
AU - Baqui, Abdullah H.
AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
AU - Caulfield, Laura E.
AU - Christian, Parul
AU - Clarke, Siân E.
AU - Ezzati, Majid
AU - Fawzi, Wafaie
AU - Gonzalez, Rogelio
AU - Huybregts, Lieven
AU - Kariuki, Simon
AU - Kolsteren, Patrick
AU - Lusingu, John
AU - Marchant, Tanya
AU - Merialdi, Mario
AU - Mongkolchati, Aroonsri
AU - Mullany, Luke C.
AU - Ndirangu, James
AU - Newell, Marie Louise
AU - Nien, Jyh Kae
AU - Osrin, David
AU - Roberfroid, Dominique
AU - Rosen, Heather E.
AU - Sania, Ayesha
AU - Silveira, Mariangela F.
AU - Tielsch, James
AU - Vaidya, Anjana
AU - Willey, Barbara A.
AU - Lawn, Joy E.
AU - Black, Robert E.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank additional members of the CHERG SGA-Preterm Birth working group: Subarna Khatry and Christentze Schmiegelow; Joanna Schellenberg for support; and Ramesh Adhikari, Fernando Barros, Christian Coles, Anthony Costello, Gary Darmstadt, Sheela Devi, Hermann Lanou, Steve LeClerq, Dharma Manandhar, Daniel Minja, R D Thulasiraj, Laeticia Celine Toe, Willy Urassa, Cesar G Victora, Keith West, and Nelly Zavaleta, who worked on the individual studies. Funding was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (810-2054), by a grant to the US fund for UNICEF to support the work of CHERG. Financial support for analysis was offered to investigators through a subcontract mechanism administered by the US fund for UNICEF. Funding sources of the individual studies are as follows: Bangladesh (2005)—United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Saving Newborn Lives program by Save the Children (US), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF); Brazil (1982)—International Development Research Center for Canada, WHO, UK Overseas Development Administration; Brazil (1993)—UN Development Fund for Women; Brazil (2004)—Wellcome Trust; Burkina Faso (2004)—Nutrition Third World, Belgian Ministry of Development; Burkina Faso (2006)—Flemish University Council, Nutrition Third World, Belgian Ministry of Development, Nutriset; India (2000)—Center for Human Nutrition (JHSPH), Office of Health and Nutrition (USAID), BMGF, Task Force Sight and Life; Kenya (1995)—USAID, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research; Nepal (1999)—USAID, UNICEF Country Office (Kathmandu, Nepal), BMGF; Nepal (2003)—Wellcome Trust; Nepal (2004)—National Institutes of Health (NIH), BMGF, USAID, Proctor and Gamble; Pakistan (2003)—UNICEF, UN System Standing Committee on Nutrition; Peru (1995)—Office of Health and Nutrition (USAID); Philippines (1983)—NIH, Nestle's Coordinating Center for Nutritional Research, Wyeth International, Ford Foundation, US National Academy of Science, WHO, Carolina Population Center, USAID; South Africa (2001)—Wellcome Trust; South Africa (2004)—USAID, National Vaccine Program Office and CDC's Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group, BMGF; Tanzania (1998)—Wellcome Trust; Tanzania (2001)—National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Tanzania (2008)—European Union Framework 7; Thailand (2001)—Thailand Research Fund, Health System Research Office, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand; and Uganda (2005)—Gates Malaria Partnership (BMGF).
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - Background: National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweight (<2500 g), in 138 countries of low and middle income in 2010. Methods: Small for gestational age was defined as lower than the 10th centile for fetal growth from the 1991 US national reference population. Data from 22 birth cohort studies (14 low-income and middle-income countries) and from the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (23 countries) were used to model the prevalence of term-SGA births. Prevalence of preterm-SGA infants was calculated from meta-analyses. Findings: In 2010, an estimated 32·4 million infants were born small for gestational age in low-income and middle-income countries (27% of livebirths), of whom 10·6 million infants were born at term and low birthweight. The prevalence of term-SGA babies ranged from 5·3% of livebirths in east Asia to 41·5% in south Asia, and the prevalence of preterm-SGA infants ranged from 1·2% in north Africa to 3·0% in southeast Asia. Of 18 million low-birthweight babies, 59% were term-SGA and 41% were preterm-SGA. Two-thirds of small-for-gestational-age infants were born in Asia (17·4 million in south Asia). Preterm-SGA babies totalled 2·8 million births in low-income and middle-income countries. Most small-for-gestational-age infants were born in India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Interpretation: The burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia. Implementation of effective interventions for babies born too small or too soon is an urgent priority to increase survival and reduce disability, stunting, and non-communicable diseases. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG).
AB - Background: National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweight (<2500 g), in 138 countries of low and middle income in 2010. Methods: Small for gestational age was defined as lower than the 10th centile for fetal growth from the 1991 US national reference population. Data from 22 birth cohort studies (14 low-income and middle-income countries) and from the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health (23 countries) were used to model the prevalence of term-SGA births. Prevalence of preterm-SGA infants was calculated from meta-analyses. Findings: In 2010, an estimated 32·4 million infants were born small for gestational age in low-income and middle-income countries (27% of livebirths), of whom 10·6 million infants were born at term and low birthweight. The prevalence of term-SGA babies ranged from 5·3% of livebirths in east Asia to 41·5% in south Asia, and the prevalence of preterm-SGA infants ranged from 1·2% in north Africa to 3·0% in southeast Asia. Of 18 million low-birthweight babies, 59% were term-SGA and 41% were preterm-SGA. Two-thirds of small-for-gestational-age infants were born in Asia (17·4 million in south Asia). Preterm-SGA babies totalled 2·8 million births in low-income and middle-income countries. Most small-for-gestational-age infants were born in India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Interpretation: The burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia. Implementation of effective interventions for babies born too small or too soon is an urgent priority to increase survival and reduce disability, stunting, and non-communicable diseases. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG).
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84886445962&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70006-8
DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70006-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 25103583
AN - SCOPUS:84886445962
SN - 2214-109X
VL - 1
SP - e26-e36
JO - The Lancet Global Health
JF - The Lancet Global Health
IS - 1
ER -
