New Trends, Technological Advancements, and Obstacles in Food Security Research

Over one billion people face hunger worldwide, as the growing population exerts immense pressure on the existing food resources. Conventional farming methods often require lengthy production processes. To address these challenges, technological advancements have led to the adoption of smart agriculture practices, including precision farming, vertical farming and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to crop seeds. Integrating global positioning system (GPS), geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing, robotics, internet of things (IoT), and drones can support smart agricultural operations. These technologies enable the cultivation of plants in controlled environments, regulating factors such as temperature, humidity, irrigation water, supplemental light, and the control of nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides. This paper reviews the advancement, utilization, and challenges associated with implementing these tools in smart agriculture tools and technologies.