Newborn Nutrition

The current chapter is about the dietary considerations crucial for the well-being of newborn infants in their first 28 days of life (DoL). Focused on supporting optimal growth and development, this chapter underscores the significance of meeting unique nutritional requirements during this critical period. The chapter strongly advocates breastfeeding as the ideal choice for neonatal nutrition, offering essential nutrients and bioactive substances. The unique combination of nutrients found in breast milk, including lactoferrin, is highlighted. Moreover, the importance of continued breastfeeding alongside complementary foods until at least 2 years of age is emphasized. The role of parenteral nutrition in supporting growth and survival in sick and very preterm and low birth weight neonates. Specialized formulas are highlighted as alternatives when breastfeeding is not feasible. From the energy-providing carbohydrates to the tissue-building proteins and brain-developing fats, each component is necessary for neonatal health. Furthermore, the benefits of optimal neonatal nutrition include decreased susceptibility to infections, enhanced cognitive development, and the prevention of nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, this chapter explains the potential consequences of micronutrient deficiencies and roles of macronutrients in rapid growth and neurodevelopment. Overall, this chapter serves as a helpful guide for understanding and implementing optimal prenatal and postnatal nutrition practices, ensuring the health, growth, and development of newborns.