Polycystic ovary syndrome and subfertility

Globally, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age that affects fertility. Almost 70%-80% of females having PCOS are infertile and present with a wide range of menstrual irregularities and anovulatory issues. The exact cause is still not known; however, factors like excess insulin, low-grade inflammation, heredity, excess androgens, obesity, and inheritance to gene clusters contribute to its pathogenesis. Infertility and diabetes are some of the common complications. Diagnosis of PCOS is established if it includes “two” of the following three criteria: oligo- or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The ideal management is to timely handle initial presenting complaints to avoid long-term consequences. Awareness to develop preventive attitudes and lifestyle modifications play a pivotal role in long-term management to regulate menstrual disturbances, lessen symptoms of hyperandrogenism, and/or resolve fertility issues.