Preclinical toxicology and biodistribution studies of recombinant adeno-associated virus 1 human acid α-glucosidase

Thomas J. Conlon, Kirsten Erger, Stacy Porvasnik, Travis Cossette, Cheryl Roberts, Lynn Combee, Saleem Islam, Jeffry Kelley, Denise Cloutier, Nathalie Clément, Corinne R. Abernathy, Barry J. Byrne

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A biodistribution and toxicology study was performed to test the acute toxicities of intradiaphragmatic injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 2/1-human acid alpha-Glucosidase (hGAA) driven by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (rAAV1-CMV-hGAA) in New Zealand white rabbits and in the rodent Pompe disease model by injecting at the right quadriceps. Studies performed using fluoroscopy and AAV2-GFP demonstrated spread upon intradiaphragmatic injection, and the ability of AAV to infect and express acid α-glucosidase (GAA) throughout the diaphragm. For the preclinical study, 10 rabbits (5 male, 5 female) were divided into two groups, vehicle control (Lactated Ringer's) and test article (1.5×1012 vector genomes [vg] rAAV1-CMV-hGAA), and euthanized on day 21. After direct visualization, the left hemidiaphragm was injected at three locations. There was up to a 2,500-fold increase in circulating anti-AAV1 antibodies directed to the vector capsids. In addition, up to an 18-fold increase in antibodies against the GAA protein was generated. Injection sites maintained up to 1.0×105 vg/μg genomic DNA (gDNA), while uninjected sites had up to 1.0×104 vg/μg gDNA. Vector DNA was present in blood at 24 hr postinjection at up to 1.0×106 vg/μg gDNA, followed by a decrease to 1.0×103 vg/μg gDNA at euthanization on day 21. Nominal amounts of vector DNA were present in peripheral organs, including the brain, spinal cord, gonads, and skeletal muscle. Upon histopathological examination, fibroplasias of the serosal surface were noted at diaphragm injections sites of both groups. In addition, an increase in mononuclear cell infiltration in the diaphragm and esophagus in vector-dosed animals was found. Elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, an indicator of muscle repair, was observed in all animals postprocedure but persisted in vector-injected rabbits until euthanization. A follow-up study suggested that this was directed against the human transgene expression in a foreign species. Overall, this study demonstrates diffusion of vector throughout the diaphragm after localized injections.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)127-133
Number of pages7
JournalHuman Gene Therapy Clinical Development
Volume24
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Sept 2013
Externally publishedYes

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