Prognostic Strength of CA 19-9, Demographic Parameters, and Maximum Standardized Uptake Value of Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT in Treatment-naïve Patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma

Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of imaging-based variables and tumor marker in predicting the progression-free survival (PFS) in treatment-naïve pancreatic cancer (PC) using baseline 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT). Materials and Methods: This retro-prospective study was conducted at PET/CT imaging facility of JCIA health-care facility of Pakistan. Total 68 patients with PCs were retrospectively included who had¹⁸FDG PET/CT for staging from March 2017 to December 2020. Thirty-two patients had unresectable Stage IV disease on baseline imaging while the remaining 36 underwent Whipple’s procedure and both categories were followed by chemotherapy with/without immunotherapy. These patients were followed for a median period of 18 months (1–62 months) for PFS. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used for independent predictors of patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, CA 19-9, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in PFS. Kaplan–Meier’s survival curves were analyzed to measure PFS using ROC-derived significant cutoff values of CA 19-9 and SUVmax. Results: Median PFS was 18 months (11-45) with 60% (41/68) patients were either died or labelled having metabolic progressive disease (MPD. Using logistic regression analysis, significant correlations were found for Stage IV disease and pancreatic body/tail tumor with disease progression (odd ratio: 7.535 and 4.803, respectively; P < 0.05). Gender, obesity, histological tumor type, and¹⁸FDG-avid regional nodes did not show a significant impact on PFS. On ROC analysis, SUVmax >5.3 of primary tumor and baseline CA 19-9 >197 U/ml were found to have a significant negative correlation with PFS (area under the curve: 0.827 and 0.911, respectively; P < 0.0001) and no association of age and primary tumor size in PFS. Significantly, shorter PFS was found using ROC-derived cutoff values of SUVmax >5.3 versus ≤5.3 of primary tumor (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.7 vs. 48.5 and 10–23 vs. 41–56; log-rank = 25.014; P < 0.0001) and baseline CA 19-9 >197 versus ≤197 U/ml (mean and 95% CI: 11.8 vs. 46.9 and 7–16 vs. 39–55; log-rank = 38.217; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: SUVmax >5.3 of primary tumor and baseline CA 19-9 >197 U/ml were found to have a significant negative correlation with PFS in treatment-naïve PC patients. Among demographics, only Stage IV disease and pancreatic tail and body tumors were found to have a negative association with disease progression.