TY - JOUR
T1 - Revised Preferred Reporting of Case Series in Surgery (PROCESS) Guideline
T2 - An Update for the Age of Artificial Intelligence
AU - Agha, Riaz A.
AU - Mathew, Ginimol
AU - Rashid, Rasha
AU - Kerwan, Ahmed
AU - Al-Jabir, Ahmed
AU - Sohrabi, Catrin
AU - Franchi, Thomas
AU - Nicola, Maria
AU - Agha, Maliha
AU - Thoma, Achilleas
AU - Coppola, Alessandro
AU - Beamish, Andrew J.
AU - Noureldin, Ashraf
AU - Rao, Ashwini
AU - Vasudevan, Baskaran
AU - Challacombe, Ben
AU - Pramesh, C. S.
AU - Pagano, Duilio
AU - Millham, Fredelrick Heaton
AU - Roy, Gaurav
AU - Kadioglu, Huseyin
AU - Nixon, Iain James
AU - Mukherjee, Indraneil
AU - McCaul, James Anthony
AU - Albrecht, Joerg
AU - Rivas, Juan Gomez
AU - Karanth, K. Veena L.
AU - Raveendran, Kandiah
AU - Hammad Ather, M.
AU - Thorat, Mangesh A.
AU - Bashashati, Mohammad
AU - Chalkoo, Mushtaq
AU - Muensterer, Oliver J.
AU - Bradley, Patrick
AU - Goel, Prabudh
AU - Pai, Prathamesh
AU - Shinde, Priya
AU - Ranganathan, Priya
AU - Mohamed, Raafat Yahia Afifi
AU - Rosin, Richard David
AU - Cammarata, Roberto
AU - Coppola, Roberto
AU - Wynn, Rolf
AU - Surani, Salim
AU - Giordano, Salvatore
AU - Massarut, Samuele
AU - Raja, Shahzad G.
AU - Basu, Somprakas
AU - Enam, Syed Ather
AU - Zun, Teo Nan
AU - Manning, Todd
AU - Kasivisvanathan, Veeru
AU - La Vaccara, Vincenzo
AU - Mei, Zubing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025, Premier Science. All rights reserved.
PY - 2025/7
Y1 - 2025/7
N2 - INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare and scientific publishing. Reporting guidelines need to be updated to take this advancement into account. The PROCESS Guideline 2025 update adds a new AI-focused domain to promote transparency, re-producibility, and ethical integrity in surgical case series involving AI. METHODS A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted to update the PROCESS guidelines. The panel comprised 49 surgical and scientific experts, who were invited to rate proposed new items. In Round 1, participants scored each item on a nine-point Likert scale and provided feedback. Items not meeting consensus were revised or discarded. RESULTS A 92% response rate occurred amongst participants (45/49) in the first round. Ratings were analyzed for agreement levels, and consensus was reached on all six proposed AI-related items. A revised PROCESS checklist is presented, which incorporates these new AI-related items. Authors are now expected to disclose AI involvement not only in patient care but also in man-uscript preparation, as exemplified by this paper. CONCLUSION The PROCESS 2025 guideline provides an up-to-date framework for surgical case series in the era of AI. Through a robust consensus process, we have added specific reporting criteria for AI to ensure that any use of AI in a case series is clearly documented, explained, and discussed, including considerations of bias and ethics. This update will help maintain the quality, transparency, and clinical relevance of the case series, ultimately improving their educational value and trust-worthiness for the surgical community.
AB - INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare and scientific publishing. Reporting guidelines need to be updated to take this advancement into account. The PROCESS Guideline 2025 update adds a new AI-focused domain to promote transparency, re-producibility, and ethical integrity in surgical case series involving AI. METHODS A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted to update the PROCESS guidelines. The panel comprised 49 surgical and scientific experts, who were invited to rate proposed new items. In Round 1, participants scored each item on a nine-point Likert scale and provided feedback. Items not meeting consensus were revised or discarded. RESULTS A 92% response rate occurred amongst participants (45/49) in the first round. Ratings were analyzed for agreement levels, and consensus was reached on all six proposed AI-related items. A revised PROCESS checklist is presented, which incorporates these new AI-related items. Authors are now expected to disclose AI involvement not only in patient care but also in man-uscript preparation, as exemplified by this paper. CONCLUSION The PROCESS 2025 guideline provides an up-to-date framework for surgical case series in the era of AI. Through a robust consensus process, we have added specific reporting criteria for AI to ensure that any use of AI in a case series is clearly documented, explained, and discussed, including considerations of bias and ethics. This update will help maintain the quality, transparency, and clinical relevance of the case series, ultimately improving their educational value and trust-worthiness for the surgical community.
KW - AI reporting standards
KW - AI transparency and ethics
KW - Artificial intelligence in surgery
KW - Delphi consensus process
KW - PROCESS guideline update
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017930557
U2 - 10.70389/PJS.100080
DO - 10.70389/PJS.100080
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105017930557
SN - 3049-9011
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - Premier Journal of Science
JF - Premier Journal of Science
M1 - 100080
ER -