Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan

M. I. Khan; R. L. Ochiai; S. B. Soofi; L. Von-Seidlein; M. J. Khan; S. M. Sahito; M. A. Habib; M. K. Puri; J. K. Park; Y. A. You; M. Ali; S. Q. Nizami; C. J. Acosta; R. Bradley-Sack; J. D. Clemens; Z. A. Bhutta

doi:10.1017/S0950268811000938

Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan

M. I. Khan, R. L. Ochiai, S. B. Soofi, L. Von-Seidlein, M. J. Khan, S. M. Sahito, M. A. Habib, M. K. Puri, J. K. Park, Y. A. You, M. Ali, S. Q. Nizami, C. J. Acosta, R. Bradley-Sack, J. D. Clemens, Z. A. Bhutta

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30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We analysed the data from the control group in a typhoid vaccine trial in Karachi to assess the differences in individual-, household- and cluster-level characteristics for developing typhoid fever. The annual incidence of typhoid in children aged 2-16 years in the control arm of the vaccine trial was 151/100 000 population. After adjustment, the risk of typhoid was lower with increasing age [risk ratio (RR) 0•89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0•83-0•95], was higher with an increase in population density (RR 1•13, 95% CI 1•05-1•21) and was lower in the households using a safe drinking-water source (RR 0•63, 95% CI 0•41-0•99). Typhoid fever affects younger children living in areas of high population density and lack of access to safe water in Pakistan. A combination of environmental and biological interventions is required to prevent the continued epidemiological and economic impact of typhoid fever in high-risk areas of Pakistan.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	665-672
Number of pages	8
Journal	Epidemiology and Infection
Volume	140
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268811000938
Publication status	Published - Apr 2012

Keywords

Enteric bacteria
Salmonella Typhi
epidemiology
infectious disease epidemiology
risk assessment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1017/S0950268811000938

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Khan, M. I., Ochiai, R. L., Soofi, S. B., Von-Seidlein, L., Khan, M. J., Sahito, S. M., Habib, M. A., Puri, M. K., Park, J. K., You, Y. A., Ali, M., Nizami, S. Q., Acosta, C. J., Bradley-Sack, R., Clemens, J. D., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2012). Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan. Epidemiology and Infection, 140(4), 665-672. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268811000938

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title = "Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan",

abstract = "We analysed the data from the control group in a typhoid vaccine trial in Karachi to assess the differences in individual-, household- and cluster-level characteristics for developing typhoid fever. The annual incidence of typhoid in children aged 2-16 years in the control arm of the vaccine trial was 151/100 000 population. After adjustment, the risk of typhoid was lower with increasing age [risk ratio (RR) 0•89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0•83-0•95], was higher with an increase in population density (RR 1•13, 95% CI 1•05-1•21) and was lower in the households using a safe drinking-water source (RR 0•63, 95% CI 0•41-0•99). Typhoid fever affects younger children living in areas of high population density and lack of access to safe water in Pakistan. A combination of environmental and biological interventions is required to prevent the continued epidemiological and economic impact of typhoid fever in high-risk areas of Pakistan.",

keywords = "Enteric bacteria, Salmonella Typhi, epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, risk assessment",

author = "Khan, {M. I.} and Ochiai, {R. L.} and Soofi, {S. B.} and L. Von-Seidlein and Khan, {M. J.} and Sahito, {S. M.} and Habib, {M. A.} and Puri, {M. K.} and Park, {J. K.} and You, {Y. A.} and M. Ali and Nizami, {S. Q.} and Acosta, {C. J.} and R. Bradley-Sack and Clemens, {J. D.} and Bhutta, {Z. A.}",

year = "2012",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1017/S0950268811000938",

language = "English",

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journal = "Epidemiology and Infection",

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Khan, MI, Ochiai, RL, Soofi, SB, Von-Seidlein, L, Khan, MJ, Sahito, SM, Habib, MA, Puri, MK, Park, JK, You, YA, Ali, M, Nizami, SQ, Acosta, CJ, Bradley-Sack, R, Clemens, JD & Bhutta, ZA 2012, 'Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan', Epidemiology and Infection, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 665-672. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268811000938

TY - JOUR

T1 - Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan

AU - Khan, M. I.

AU - Ochiai, R. L.

AU - Soofi, S. B.

AU - Von-Seidlein, L.

AU - Khan, M. J.

AU - Sahito, S. M.

AU - Habib, M. A.

AU - Puri, M. K.

AU - Park, J. K.

AU - You, Y. A.

AU - Ali, M.

AU - Nizami, S. Q.

AU - Acosta, C. J.

AU - Bradley-Sack, R.

AU - Clemens, J. D.

AU - Bhutta, Z. A.

PY - 2012/4

Y1 - 2012/4

N2 - We analysed the data from the control group in a typhoid vaccine trial in Karachi to assess the differences in individual-, household- and cluster-level characteristics for developing typhoid fever. The annual incidence of typhoid in children aged 2-16 years in the control arm of the vaccine trial was 151/100 000 population. After adjustment, the risk of typhoid was lower with increasing age [risk ratio (RR) 0•89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0•83-0•95], was higher with an increase in population density (RR 1•13, 95% CI 1•05-1•21) and was lower in the households using a safe drinking-water source (RR 0•63, 95% CI 0•41-0•99). Typhoid fever affects younger children living in areas of high population density and lack of access to safe water in Pakistan. A combination of environmental and biological interventions is required to prevent the continued epidemiological and economic impact of typhoid fever in high-risk areas of Pakistan.

AB - We analysed the data from the control group in a typhoid vaccine trial in Karachi to assess the differences in individual-, household- and cluster-level characteristics for developing typhoid fever. The annual incidence of typhoid in children aged 2-16 years in the control arm of the vaccine trial was 151/100 000 population. After adjustment, the risk of typhoid was lower with increasing age [risk ratio (RR) 0•89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0•83-0•95], was higher with an increase in population density (RR 1•13, 95% CI 1•05-1•21) and was lower in the households using a safe drinking-water source (RR 0•63, 95% CI 0•41-0•99). Typhoid fever affects younger children living in areas of high population density and lack of access to safe water in Pakistan. A combination of environmental and biological interventions is required to prevent the continued epidemiological and economic impact of typhoid fever in high-risk areas of Pakistan.

KW - Enteric bacteria

KW - Salmonella Typhi

KW - epidemiology

KW - infectious disease epidemiology

KW - risk assessment

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M3 - Article

C2 - 21676350

AN - SCOPUS:84863274518

SN - 0950-2688

VL - 140

SP - 665

EP - 672

JO - Epidemiology and Infection

JF - Epidemiology and Infection

IS - 4

ER -

Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2-16 years in Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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