@article{2db9e3b8e43941328b26ba93da1b35ba,
title = "Rotavirus vaccine response correlates with the infant gut microbiota composition in Pakistan",
abstract = "Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of diarrhea-related death in children worldwide and ninety-five percent of rotavirus deaths occur in Africa and Asia. Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) can dramatically reduce RV deaths, but have low efficacy in low-income settings where they are most needed. The intestinal microbiome may contribute to this decreased RVV efficacy. This pilot study hypothesizes that infants' intestinal microbiota composition correlates with RVV immune responses and that RVV responders have different gut microbiota as compared to non-responders. We conducted a nested, matched case-control study comparing the pre-vaccination intestinal microbiota composition between 10 6-week old Pakistani RVV-responders, 10 6-week old Pakistani RVV non-responders, and 10 healthy Dutch infants. RVV response was defined as an Immunoglobulin A of ≥20 IU/mL following Rotarix{\texttrademark}(RV1) vaccination in an infant with a pre-vaccination IgA<20. Infants were matched in a 1:1 ratio using ranked variables: RV1 dosing schedule (6/10/14; 6/10; or 10/14 weeks), RV season, delivery mode, delivery place, breastfeeding practices, age and gender. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using a highly reproducible phylogenetic microarray. RV1 response correlated with a higher relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Clostridium cluster XI and Proteobacteria, including bacteria related to Serratia and Escherichia coli. Remarkably, abundance of these Proteobacteria was also significantly higher in Dutch infants when compared to RV1-non-responders in Pakistan. This small but carefully matched study showed the intestinal microbiota composition to correlate with RV1 seroconversion in Pakistan infants, identifying signatures shared with healthy Dutch infants.",
keywords = "intestinal microbes, rotavirus vaccine, seroconversion, vaccine immunogenicity",
author = "Vanessa Harris and Asad Ali and Susana Fuentes and Katri Korpela and Momin Kazi and Jacqueline Tate and Umesh Parashar and Wiersinga, {W. Joost} and Carlo Giaquinto and {de Weerth}, Carolina and {de Vos}, {Willem M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study is dedicated to Professor Joseph (Joep) Lange, who died prior to its completion. He was a global health activist and scientist and this work would not have been possible without his initiative, support and encouragement. The authors acknowledge and thank all the Pakistani and Dutch families who participated in this study and the staff members of the trial team in Pakistan for their work in conducting this study as well as members of the BIBO study team in the Netherlands. The authors would like to thank Monica McNeal and her staff at the Laboratory of Specialized Clinical Studies at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital, who performed all of the immunoglobulin testing for the original dosing study. The authors would also like to thank Duncan Steele and Jessica Fleming for their contribution to the original dosing study. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02220439. The original study Pakistani study was supported by PATH through funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The authors also thank GSK for their support in funding part of this work. GSK was provided the opportunity to review a preliminary version of this manuscript for factual accuracy, but the authors are solely responsible for final content and interpretation. The BIBO study was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Behavioral Science Institute (BSI) of Radboud University. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of GSK, PATH, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NWO, or BSI. Funding Information: The original study Pakistani study was supported by PATH through funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The authors also thank GSK for their support in funding part of this work. GSK was provided the opportunity to review a preliminary version of this manuscript for factual accuracy, but the authors are solely responsible for final content and interpretation. The BIBO study was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Behavioral Science Institute (BSI) of Radboud University. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of GSK, PATH, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NWO, or BSI. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis {\textcopyright} 2018, {\textcopyright} Vanessa Harris, Asad Ali, Susana Fuentes, Katri Korpela, Momin Kazi, Jacqueline Tate, Umesh Parashar, W. Joost Wiersinga, Carlo Giaquinto, Carolina de Weerth, and Willem M. de Vos.",
year = "2018",
month = mar,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1080/19490976.2017.1376162",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "93--101",
journal = "Gut Microbes",
issn = "1949-0976",
publisher = "Landes Bioscience",
number = "2",
}
