Short-term association between black carbon exposure and cardiovascular diseases in Pakistan's largest megacity

Daniel Malashock, Haider A. Khwaja, Zafar Fatmi, Azhar Siddique, Yi Lu, Shao Lin, David Carpenter

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This study investigated the association between black carbon (BC) exposure and hospital admissions (HAs) and outpatient department/emergency room (OPD/ER) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among residents of Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. We measured daily concentrations of BC in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and collected records of HAs and OPD/ER visits for CVD from 2 major tertiary care hospitals serving Karachi for 6 weeks continuously during each quarter over 1 year (August 2008-August 2009). We subsequently analyzed daily counts of hospital and BC data over 0-3 lag days. Daily mean BC concentrations varied from 1 to 32 μg/m3. Results suggest that BC concentrations are associated with CVD HAs and OPD/ER visits. However, associations were generally only observed when modeled with BC from Tibet Center, the commercial-residential site, as compared to Korangi, the industrial-residential site. Overall, low statistical significance suggests that while BC may be a valuable indicator for CVD health risks from combustion-derived particles, further evaluation of the constituents of PM2.5 and their relative contributions to CVD health impacts is necessary.

Original languageEnglish
Article number420
JournalAtmosphere
Volume9
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 26 Oct 2018

Keywords

  • Air pollution
  • Black carbon
  • Cardiovascular
  • Environmental exposure
  • Fine particulate matter
  • Pakistan

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