Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022

Moses C. Kiti; Charfudin Sacoor; Obianuju G. Aguolu; Alana Zelaya; Holin Chen; Sara S. Kim; Nilzio Cavele; Edgar Jamisse; Corssino Tchavana; Americo Jose; Ivalda Macicame; Orvalho Joaquim; Noureen Ahmed; Carol Y. Liu; Inci Yildirim; Kristin Nelson; Samuel M. Jenness; Herberth Maldonado; Momin Kazi; Rajan Srinivasan; Venkata R. Mohan; Alessia Melegaro; Fauzia Malik; Azucena Bardaji; Saad B. Omer; Ben Lopman

doi:10.3201/eid3101.240875

Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022

Moses C. Kiti, Charfudin Sacoor, Obianuju G. Aguolu, Alana Zelaya, Holin Chen, Sara S. Kim, Nilzio Cavele, Edgar Jamisse, Corssino Tchavana, Americo Jose, Ivalda Macicame, Orvalho Joaquim, Noureen Ahmed, Carol Y. Liu, Inci Yildirim, Kristin Nelson, Samuel M. Jenness, Herberth Maldonado, Momin Kazi, Rajan SrinivasanVenkata R. Mohan, Alessia Melegaro, Fauzia Malik, Azucena Bardaji, Saad B. Omer, Ben Lopman

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Woman and Child Health, Medical College, Pakistan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, and relation to the contact for each person. Participants reported a mean of 8.3 (95% CI 8.0-8.6) contacts per person. The mean contact rates were higher in the rural site compared with the urban site (9.8 vs 6.8; p<0.01). Using mathematical models, we noted higher vaccine effects in the rural site when comparing empirical (32%) with synthetic (29%) contact matrices and lower corresponding vaccine effects in the urban site (32% vs 35%). Those effects were prominent in younger (0-9 years) and older (≥60 years) persons. Our work highlights the importance of empirical data, showing differences in contact rates and patterns between rural and urban sites in Mozambique and their nonnegligible effects in modeling potential effects of vaccine interventions.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	94-103
Number of pages	10
Journal	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume	31
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3101.240875
Publication status	Published - Jan 2025

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Kiti, M. C., Sacoor, C., Aguolu, O. G., Zelaya, A., Chen, H., Kim, S. S., Cavele, N., Jamisse, E., Tchavana, C., Jose, A., Macicame, I., Joaquim, O., Ahmed, N., Liu, C. Y., Yildirim, I., Nelson, K., Jenness, S. M., Maldonado, H., Kazi, M., ... Lopman, B. (2025). Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31(1), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3101.240875

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title = "Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022",

abstract = "Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, and relation to the contact for each person. Participants reported a mean of 8.3 (95\% CI 8.0-8.6) contacts per person. The mean contact rates were higher in the rural site compared with the urban site (9.8 vs 6.8; p<0.01). Using mathematical models, we noted higher vaccine effects in the rural site when comparing empirical (32\%) with synthetic (29\%) contact matrices and lower corresponding vaccine effects in the urban site (32\% vs 35\%). Those effects were prominent in younger (0-9 years) and older (≥60 years) persons. Our work highlights the importance of empirical data, showing differences in contact rates and patterns between rural and urban sites in Mozambique and their nonnegligible effects in modeling potential effects of vaccine interventions.",

author = "Kiti, \{Moses C.\} and Charfudin Sacoor and Aguolu, \{Obianuju G.\} and Alana Zelaya and Holin Chen and Kim, \{Sara S.\} and Nilzio Cavele and Edgar Jamisse and Corssino Tchavana and Americo Jose and Ivalda Macicame and Orvalho Joaquim and Noureen Ahmed and Liu, \{Carol Y.\} and Inci Yildirim and Kristin Nelson and Jenness, \{Samuel M.\} and Herberth Maldonado and Momin Kazi and Rajan Srinivasan and Mohan, \{Venkata R.\} and Alessia Melegaro and Fauzia Malik and Azucena Bardaji and Omer, \{Saad B.\} and Ben Lopman",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

doi = "10.3201/eid3101.240875",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "31",

pages = "94--103",

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Kiti, MC, Sacoor, C, Aguolu, OG, Zelaya, A, Chen, H, Kim, SS, Cavele, N, Jamisse, E, Tchavana, C, Jose, A, Macicame, I, Joaquim, O, Ahmed, N, Liu, CY, Yildirim, I, Nelson, K, Jenness, SM, Maldonado, H, Kazi, M, Srinivasan, R, Mohan, VR, Melegaro, A, Malik, F, Bardaji, A, Omer, SB & Lopman, B 2025, 'Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022', Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 94-103. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3101.240875

TY - JOUR

T1 - Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022

AU - Kiti, Moses C.

AU - Sacoor, Charfudin

AU - Aguolu, Obianuju G.

AU - Zelaya, Alana

AU - Chen, Holin

AU - Kim, Sara S.

AU - Cavele, Nilzio

AU - Jamisse, Edgar

AU - Tchavana, Corssino

AU - Jose, Americo

AU - Macicame, Ivalda

AU - Joaquim, Orvalho

AU - Ahmed, Noureen

AU - Liu, Carol Y.

AU - Yildirim, Inci

AU - Nelson, Kristin

AU - Jenness, Samuel M.

AU - Maldonado, Herberth

AU - Kazi, Momin

AU - Srinivasan, Rajan

AU - Mohan, Venkata R.

AU - Melegaro, Alessia

AU - Malik, Fauzia

AU - Bardaji, Azucena

AU - Omer, Saad B.

AU - Lopman, Ben

PY - 2025/1

Y1 - 2025/1

N2 - Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, and relation to the contact for each person. Participants reported a mean of 8.3 (95% CI 8.0-8.6) contacts per person. The mean contact rates were higher in the rural site compared with the urban site (9.8 vs 6.8; p<0.01). Using mathematical models, we noted higher vaccine effects in the rural site when comparing empirical (32%) with synthetic (29%) contact matrices and lower corresponding vaccine effects in the urban site (32% vs 35%). Those effects were prominent in younger (0-9 years) and older (≥60 years) persons. Our work highlights the importance of empirical data, showing differences in contact rates and patterns between rural and urban sites in Mozambique and their nonnegligible effects in modeling potential effects of vaccine interventions.

AB - Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, and relation to the contact for each person. Participants reported a mean of 8.3 (95% CI 8.0-8.6) contacts per person. The mean contact rates were higher in the rural site compared with the urban site (9.8 vs 6.8; p<0.01). Using mathematical models, we noted higher vaccine effects in the rural site when comparing empirical (32%) with synthetic (29%) contact matrices and lower corresponding vaccine effects in the urban site (32% vs 35%). Those effects were prominent in younger (0-9 years) and older (≥60 years) persons. Our work highlights the importance of empirical data, showing differences in contact rates and patterns between rural and urban sites in Mozambique and their nonnegligible effects in modeling potential effects of vaccine interventions.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85213321423

U2 - 10.3201/eid3101.240875

DO - 10.3201/eid3101.240875

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85213321423

SN - 1080-6040

VL - 31

SP - 94

EP - 103

JO - Emerging Infectious Diseases

JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases

IS - 1

ER -

Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021-2022

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