TY - JOUR
T1 - Stillbirths
T2 - Economic and psychosocial consequences
AU - The Lancet Ending Preventable Stillbirths Series study group
AU - The Lancet Ending Preventable Stillbirths investigator group
AU - Heazell, Alexander E.P.
AU - Siassakos, Dimitrios
AU - Blencowe, Hannah
AU - Burden, Christy
AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
AU - Cacciatore, Joanne
AU - Dang, Nghia
AU - Das, Jai
AU - Flenady, Vicki
AU - Gold, Katherine J.
AU - Mensah, Olivia K.
AU - Millum, Joseph
AU - Nuzum, Daniel
AU - O'Donoghue, Keelin
AU - Redshaw, Maggie
AU - Rizvi, Arjumand
AU - Roberts, Tracy
AU - Saraki, H. E.Toyin
AU - Storey, Claire
AU - Wojcieszek, Aleena M.
AU - Downe, Soo
N1 - Funding Information:
HB received grants from Save the Children/Saving Newborn Lives. DS is a member of Department of Health Stillbirth task-and-fi nish groups, and the PRactical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training maternity foundation. AEPH received grants from Tommy’s during the conduct of the paper and was funded by the Holly Martin Stillbirth Research Fund to do qualitative analysis. JM was also supported, in part, by intramural funds from the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. The views expressed are the author’s own and do not represent the position or policy of the US National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, or the Department of Health and Human Services. This Series paper also reports on independent studies which are part funded by the UK Policy Research Programme in the Department of Health. AEPH is supported by Tommy’s and by a Clinician Scientist Fellowship from the UK National Institute of Health Research. This Series paper provides independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. KJG receives salary support through a K23 training grant from the National Institutes of Health. None of the funding bodies had any infl uence on the content and scope of the paper. We thank Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia, for funding the International Stillbirth Alliance questionnaire. We thank Bishal Mohindru for his assistance in the costs analysis for care in subsequent pregnancies. DS received grants from Stillbirth and Neonatal Death charity (Sands), is a member of International Stillbirth Alliance, and on the executive committee of the Stillbirth Clinical Study Group, Department of Health Stillbirth task-and-fi nish groups, and PRactical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training maternity foundation. AEPH is chair of the board International Stillbirth Alliance and on the executive committee of the Stillbirth Clinical Study Group, and Department of Health Stillbirth task-and-fi nish groups. CS received grants from Sands during the conduct of the study. All other authors have no competing interests.
Funding Information:
HB received grants from Save the Children/Saving Newborn Lives. DS is a member of Department of Health Stillbirth task-and-finish groups, and the PRactical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training maternity foundation. AEPH received grants from Tommy's during the conduct of the paper and was funded by the Holly Martin Stillbirth Research Fund to do qualitative analysis. JM was also supported, in part, by intramural funds from the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. The views expressed are the author's own and do not represent the position or policy of the US National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, or the Department of Health and Human Services. This Series paper also reports on independent studies which are part funded by the UK Policy Research Programme in the Department of Health. AEPH is supported by Tommy's and by a Clinician Scientist Fellowship from the UK National Institute of Health Research. This Series paper provides independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. KJG receives salary support through a K23 training grant from the National Institutes of Health. None of the funding bodies had any influence on the content and scope of the paper. We thank Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia, for funding the International Stillbirth Alliance questionnaire. We thank Bishal Mohindru for his assistance in the costs analysis for care in subsequent pregnancies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2016/2/6
Y1 - 2016/2/6
N2 - Despite the frequency of stillbirths, the subsequent implications are overlooked and underappreciated. We present findings from comprehensive, systematic literature reviews, and new analyses of published and unpublished data, to establish the effect of stillbirth on parents, families, health-care providers, and societies worldwide. Data for direct costs of this event are sparse but suggest that a stillbirth needs more resources than a livebirth, both in the perinatal period and in additional surveillance during subsequent pregnancies. Indirect and intangible costs of stillbirth are extensive and are usually met by families alone. This issue is particularly onerous for those with few resources. Negative effects, particularly on parental mental health, might be moderated by empathic attitudes of care providers and tailored interventions. The value of the baby, as well as the associated costs for parents, families, care providers, communities, and society, should be considered to prevent stillbirths and reduce associated morbidity.
AB - Despite the frequency of stillbirths, the subsequent implications are overlooked and underappreciated. We present findings from comprehensive, systematic literature reviews, and new analyses of published and unpublished data, to establish the effect of stillbirth on parents, families, health-care providers, and societies worldwide. Data for direct costs of this event are sparse but suggest that a stillbirth needs more resources than a livebirth, both in the perinatal period and in additional surveillance during subsequent pregnancies. Indirect and intangible costs of stillbirth are extensive and are usually met by families alone. This issue is particularly onerous for those with few resources. Negative effects, particularly on parental mental health, might be moderated by empathic attitudes of care providers and tailored interventions. The value of the baby, as well as the associated costs for parents, families, care providers, communities, and society, should be considered to prevent stillbirths and reduce associated morbidity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959572256&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00836-3
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00836-3
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26794073
AN - SCOPUS:84959572256
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 387
SP - 604
EP - 616
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10018
ER -