The Enduring Legacy of the Habsburg Islam Policy: Muslim Communities in Central and Southeast Europe

Examines contemporary legal and political structures governing Muslim communities in Central and Southeast Europe Analyses in detail the status and governance of Muslim communities in the entire region of the former Habsburg / Austro-Hungarian Empire Highlights the importance of the Habsburg legacy to understanding the historical continuities between the Islam Act of 1912 and the contemporary legal and political structures governing Muslim communities in Central Europe Maps in detail the diverse trajectories followed by the successor states to the Habsburg Empire with regards to the governance of Islam and Muslim communities Offers a specialised discussion of the case of Austria as the main successor to the Habsburg monarchy and home to the largest and most diverse Muslim population in Central Europe Explores, in each national context, the complexity of the cultural and political dynamics that emerge as a result of the unique position of Central Europe as the home of centuries-old Muslim communities as well as of recent Muslim immigrants When Otto Habsburg, son of the last emperor of the Austria-Hungarian Empire Karl I, died in 2011, among those who prayed at the funeral in Vienna’s Stephansdom was Mustafa Efendi Cerić, the Reis ul-ulema of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This was to honour the long-lasting relationship between the bygone empire of the Catholic Habsburgs with European Muslims. The cornerstone of this association was the 1912 Islam Act (Islamgesetz) of the Habsburgs, which made Austria-Hungary the first Catholic European state to confer official status to Islam. This book explores the legacy of this act and the ways in which it continues to impact the legal frameworks and political structures governing Islam and Muslim communities in the successor states of Austria-Hungary. It discusses the unique coexistence in Central Europe of centuries-old, ‘indigenous’ European Muslims with recently settled Muslim immigrants, and the trajectory of their interactions with the state. This volume is therefore not only crucial to the debate about European Islam but also to the question of the legal and political framework of Islamic religious communities in a secular Europe.