TY - JOUR
T1 - The MAL-ED cohort study
T2 - Methods and lessons learned when assessing early child development and caregiving mediators in infants and young children in 8 low-and middle-income countries
AU - MAL-ED Network Investigators
AU - Murray-Kolb, Laura E.
AU - Rasmussen, Zeba A.
AU - Scharf, Rebecca J.
AU - Rasheed, Muneera A.
AU - Svensen, Erling
AU - Seidman, Jessica C.
AU - Tofail, Fahmida
AU - Koshy, Beena
AU - Shrestha, Rita
AU - Maphula, Angelina
AU - Vasquez, Angel Orbe
AU - Da Costa, Hilda P.
AU - Yousafzai, Aisha K.
AU - Oria, Reinaldo B.
AU - Roshan, Reeba
AU - Bayyo, Eliwasa B.
AU - Kosek, Margaret
AU - Shrestha, Sanjaya
AU - Schaefer, Barbara A.
AU - Bessong, Pascal
AU - Ahmed, Tahmeed
AU - Lang, Dennis
AU - Acosta, Angel Mendez
AU - de Burga, Rosa Rios
AU - Chavez, Cesar Banda
AU - Flores, Julian Torres
AU - Olotegui, Maribel Paredes
AU - Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo
AU - Salas, Mery Siguas
AU - Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo
AU - Vasquez, Angel Orbe
AU - Ahmed, Imran
AU - Alam, Didar
AU - Ali, Asad
AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
AU - Qureshi, Shahida
AU - Rasheed, Muneera
AU - Soofi, Sajid
AU - Turab, Ali
AU - Zaidi, Anita K.M.
AU - Bodhidatta, Ladaporn
AU - Mason, Carl J.
AU - Babji, Sudhir
AU - Bose, Anuradha
AU - George, Ajila T.
AU - Hariraju, Dinesh
AU - Jennifer, M. Steffi
AU - John, Sushil
AU - Kaki, Shiny
AU - Kang, Gagandeep
N1 - Funding Information:
Supplement sponsorship. This article appeared as part of the supplement “The Malnutrition and Enteric Disease Study (MAL-ED): Understanding the Consequences for Child Health and Development,” sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts.
Funding Information:
Financial support. The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, and the National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 The Author.
PY - 2014/11/1
Y1 - 2014/11/1
N2 - More epidemiological data are needed on risk and protective factors for child development. In The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort study, we assessed child development in a harmonious manner across 8 sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, and Tanzania. From birth to 24 months, development and language acquisition were assessed via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and a modified MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. Other measures were infant temperament, the child's environment, maternal psychological adjustment, and maternal reasoning abilities. We developed standard operating procedures and used multiple techniques to ensure appropriate adaptation and quality assurance across the sites. Test adaptation required significant time and human resources but is essential for data quality; funders should support this step in future studies. At the end of this study, we will have a portfolio of culturally adapted instruments for child development studies with examination of psychometric properties of each tool used.
AB - More epidemiological data are needed on risk and protective factors for child development. In The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort study, we assessed child development in a harmonious manner across 8 sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, and Tanzania. From birth to 24 months, development and language acquisition were assessed via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and a modified MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. Other measures were infant temperament, the child's environment, maternal psychological adjustment, and maternal reasoning abilities. We developed standard operating procedures and used multiple techniques to ensure appropriate adaptation and quality assurance across the sites. Test adaptation required significant time and human resources but is essential for data quality; funders should support this step in future studies. At the end of this study, we will have a portfolio of culturally adapted instruments for child development studies with examination of psychometric properties of each tool used.
KW - child
KW - cognitive development
KW - infant
KW - low-and middle-income countries
KW - methods
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84913543687&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciu437
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciu437
M3 - Article
C2 - 25305296
AN - SCOPUS:84913543687
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 59
SP - S261-S272
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
ER -
