Toxische-shocksyndroom: Nog niet vergeten

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is well known by general practicioners and gynaecologists, yet the likelihood of observing a case of TSS is minimal because of its low incidence. The symptoms are caused by a toxine produced by certain S. aureus strains. Use of tampons is considered to cause vaginal microulceration and to create an environment favouring toxine production. In the eighties and early nineties many cases were reported in the literature and TSS was even considered as a public health threat to women of reproductive age. Since then a substantial reduction in the incidence of menstrual TSS has occurred, which can be attributed to the withdrawal of particular "super absorbent" brands of tampons and the reduction of their absorbability. However it seems important to remember that toxic shock syndrome related to tampon usage still exists. Early recognition and prompt treatment will prevent complications and ensure recovery.