Understanding of metals dysregulation in patients with systolic and diastolic dysfunction in ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death and chronic disability in the world. IHD affects both the systolic and diastolic function of the heart which progressively leads to heart failure; a structural and functional impairment of filling or ejection of blood from the heart. In this study, the progression of systolic and diastolic dysfunction characterized according to their echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), grades of diastolic dysfunction and ratio between early mitral inflow velocity and mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/eʹ), were correlated with differential regulation of various metals in patients sera samples (n = 62) using inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chromium, nickel and selenium were found significant (p < 0.05) in patients having EF < 45% compared with EF > 45%. In patients with systolic dysfunction (EF < 45%), the level of selenium was decreased while the level of chromium and nickel was increased compared to patients with EF > 45%. Selenium level was also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in grade 1A and 2 patients that are considered as higher grades of diastole dysfunction in comparison to grade 0–1. Overall, selenium deficiency was identified in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions of IHD patients corresponding to the progression of disease that could be related to many metabolic and translational pathways specifically which involve selenoproteins.