Use of ChatGPT in Higher Education: Development and Validation of Questionnaire

Advancements in AI, such as ChatGPT, have garnered significant interest within higher education. In response, policymakers and practitioners are striving to develop evidence-based strategies for its integration. Generating valid and reliable evidence requires robust tools to explore students’ use of ChatGPT in higher education. This paper discusses the developmentandvalidation ofa questionnaire designedto assess the perceived Knowledge, Will, Skill, Technological Support, and Use (KWSTU) of ChatGPT. The questionnaire was grounded in the theoretical foundation of the Will-Skill-Tool (WST) model and underwent rigorous content and construct validation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated five distinct factors comprising 30 items, with statistical evidence indicating good model-fit indices.